Mentoring Program Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tutoring Program - Research Proposal Example In this way, most importantly, it appears to be important to characterize what specific results we ought to anticipate from actualizing an own coaching program. One of the most critical is, I think, building up a high performing group of experts. Since collaboration is a basic piece of our tasks, it is significant that our representatives comprehend and acknowledge this guideline. Particularly significant it is on the grounds that we can't give each a tutor. Consequently, the main undertaking to be cultivated while planning our coaching program is picking which specific individuals will be legitimately partaking in the program. 2.1.1. 360 Degree Evaluation For this reason I propose to lead a 360 degree assessment: The 360 Degree Feedback System has as of late encountered a wide spread among the association wishing to improve and upgrade their exhibition estimating frameworks. This specific technique includes getting a criticism on an employee’s execution not just from a manager, as we do now, yet in addition from four to eight friends, reports, associates or clients. By and large the framework likewise requires a worker oneself to survey own exhibition in an individual evaluation (Heatfield, 2008). Thus, notwithstanding allowing the administrator a chance to get a wide range point of view on the employee’s execution, this framework empowers the chief to see how the employee’s execution is seen by others †that is to put together assessment with respect to possess recognition, however on other’s conclusions too.

Dental Abscess And Anatomy Health And Social Care Essay

Abscesss are ordinarily brought about by explicit small scale living beings that attack the tissues, much of the time by way of little sores or breaks in the covering. A boil is a characteristic barrier component where the natural structure endeavors to put a disease and â€Å" palisade off † the miniaturized scale living beings so they can non appropriate all through the natural structure. There are in any event three kinds of alveolar consonant abscesses that look like one another. It is their place of starting that separates them. A gum or gingival ulcer is the result of hurt to, or disease of, the outside of the gum tissue. In the event that a contamination moves profound into gum pockets, waste of Pus is blocked and a periodontic ulcer results. A periapical ulcer alludes to a tooth wherein the mush is contaminated, typically optional to tooth decay.Causes and Risk Factors of Dental AbscessesAn boil may happen when bacteriums attacks the dental mush ( the nervousnesss and blood vass that fill the cardinal pit of the tooth ) , doing the mush to perish. This most ordinarily occurs as a result of dental pits, which annihilate the tooth ‘s veneer and dentin, leting bacteriums to make the mush. Microorganisms can other than determine course to the mush when a tooth is harmed. Inability to deal with a septic dental nervus regularly prompts breakdown of the bone around the root with the development of a canker or pit loaded up with Pus. The canker is called ague or incessant, contingent upon how rapidly it structures and how effectively the natural structure shields itself. An intense boil is portrayed by harming, growing, and febrility. An incessant ulcer might be effortless, with the patient entirely incognizant of its essence even as it keeps on turning inside the lower jaw. Or on the other hand the nation of disease might be walled off by a hempen pocket, arranging a granuloma, which contains non-irresistible ( unfertile ) tissue yet non discharge. The vast majority of the obsessive injuries and tips of roots are granulomas, however it is basic example to make reference to every single such condition as abscesses. Since granulomas are regularly effortless and truly moderate developing, they are found simply by offices of dental x-beam examinations. Except if the entire tooth is seriously rotted, the tooth can be spared by root trench treatment. RADIOGRAPH SHOWING PERIAPICAL RADIOLUCENCYSymptoms of Dental AbscessesPain is biting and continuous. The included tooth is agonizing when percussed ( tapped ) , and as often as possible the dentitions can non shut without included awkwardness. Hot supplements may build the stinging. In the event that mediation is deferred, the contamination may circulate through next tissues, doing cellulitis, changing evaluations of facial hydrops, and fever. The disease may convey to osteal ( hard ) tissues or into the delicate tissues of the floor of the oral hole. Neighborhood puffiness and gingival fistulous witherss may create inverse the vertex of the tooth, especially with deciduous ( ephemeral ) dentition. Channel into the oral hole creates a bitter gustatory uproar. Abscesss from lower processors may run out at the point of the jaw. A ceaseless periapical ( at or around the vertex of a foundation of a tooth ) canker regularly presents barely any clinical imprints, since it is essentially a restricted nation of gentle contamination that spreads simple. An odontalgia that is horrible and continuous and results in chewing or pounding harming or fresh or hiting harming are regular side effects of a turned into a boil tooth. Different manifestations may include: Fever Agony when rumination Affectability of the dentitions to hot or cold Harsh gustatory sensation in the oral pit Foul smell to the breath Swollen cervix secretory organs General awkwardness, disquiet, or sick inclination Redness and puffiness of the gums Swollen nation of the upper or lower jaw A loosened, run excursion sore on the gum On the off chance that the base of the tooth bites the dust as an outcome of disease, the odontalgia may stop. In any case, this does n't expect the contamination has recuperated ; the disease stays dynamic and keeps on disseminating and destruct tissue. Along these lines, on the off chance that you experience any of the above recorded side effects, it is of import to see a tooth specialist regardless of whether the stinging subsides.Diagnosis of Dental AbscessYour tooth specialist will look at your dentitions with a dental instrument. In the event that you have a filled with puss tooth, you will encounter harming when the tooth is tapped by your tooth specialist ‘s examination. Your tooth specialist will other than ask you if your stinging increments when you clench down or when you close your oral hole firmly. In add-on, your tooth specialist may derive a turned into a boil tooth in light of the fact that your gums might be swollen and reddish. Your tooth specialist may other than take X raies to search for disintegrating of the bone around the abscess.Treatment of Dental Abscesses in Deciduous toothDefinition: pulpectomy includes the remotion of the root and the mush load so as to infer one to root trenches which are debrided, broadened and disinfected.Technique1.give equivalent neighborhood sedation 2.apply gum versatile embankment to protect the nation. 3.remove all the carious dentin. 4.penetrate the mush chamber with help of moderate speed unit of ammo bramble. 5.remove the mush tissue with okay spiked pin and take the hands on length X beam. 6.complete the bio-mechanical preaparation and dodge over instrumentality. 7.avoid using Gatess glidden drills, sonic and supersonic instruments on the grounds that in essential dentitions there are increment chances of aperture because of limited and slight waterways. 8. voluminous water system is important to become flushed out residue and Na hypochlorite is the best irrigant. 9.now topographic point the paper point saturated with formocresol about for five proceedingss to fix any staying tissue. 10.after this expel the paper point and make full the channel with zinc oxide eugenol cement.there after, tooth is reestablished with clean steel Crown.COMMONLY USED MATERIAL FOR FILLING THE CANALS ARE:Zinc oxide eugenolIodoform pasteCalcium hydrated oxideZinc oxide pasteTreatment of Abscess Tooth in Permanent ToothIt is of import to discover which kind of ulcer is available so the suitable mediation might be rendered. In each of the three sorts of abscesses, the Pus must be depleted. Anti-microbials might be endorsed if foundational side effects, for example, febrility and expanding in the lymph secretory organs are available. ( Mouth diseases every now and again influence the lymph organs in the cervix part. ) Deep purging will be attempted for gum pocket ( periodontic ) abscesses. Plans to quench the disease, proceed with the tooth, and forestall complexities are the parts of the bargains a turned into a boil tooth. 1 ) To smother contamination, the sore may require to be depleted. Accomplishing waste might be done through the tooth by a procedure known as a root waterway. Root channel medical procedure may other than be prescribed to take any dismal root tissue after the contamination has died down. At that point, a Crown might be set over the tooth. 2 ) The tooth may other than be separated, leting seepage through the attachment. 3 ) To run out the sore would be by scratch into the prideful gum tissue. Anti-infection agents are endorsed to help battle the disease. To lighten the stinging and awkwardness related with a filled with puss tooth, warm salt-water flushes and nonprescription harming medication like isobutylphenyl propionic corrosive ( Advil or Motrin ) can be utilized. The redness and harming of abscesses might be assuaged with a low-level optical maser, doing the patient increasingly comfortable to have the infusion in a progressively easy way. As diabetics are inclined to the spread of contamination, abscesses ought to be brought to the going to of their tooth specialist with the goal that expeditious intercession might be started. All around, an analgetic ( torment reliever ), for example, acetylsalicylic corrosive or acetaminophen totally or with codeine is required. Bed leftover portion, a delicate eating routine, and liquids might be essential. Inability to deal with a boil can take to genuine contamination as the Pus spreads. Fever and discomfort escalate when the disease infiltrates the bone marrow of the jaw, bring forthing osteomyelitis. Brief anti-infection treatment and careful mediation in increasingly most extreme cases are ordinarily fruitful in confining the ulcer or osteomyelitis, albeit as often as possible non before expanded and enduring mischief has been finished. A turned into a boil tooth is an excruciating disease at the foundation of a tooth or between the gum and a tooth. It ‘s most ordinarily brought about by horrible tooth rot. Different reasons for tooth sore are injury to the tooth, for example, when it is broken or chipped, and gum disease or gum ailment. These employments can do holes in the tooth lacquer, which permits bacteriums to contaminate the focal point of the tooth ( called the mush ) . The disease may other than appropriate from the base of the tooth to the castanetss back uping the tooth. furthermore, keeps on disseminating and destruct tissue. Consequently, on the off chance that you experience any of the above recorded side effects, it is of import to see a tooth specialist regardless of whether the stinging subsides.PreventionsFollowing great unwritten cleanliness examples can chop down the peril of building up a tooth canker. In addition, if your dentitions experience injury ( for representation, go relaxed or chipped ) , look for brief dental joining in The parts of the bargains to bring around the contamination, spare the tooth, and forestall complications.Prognosis ( Expectations )Untreated abscesses may get more terrible and can take to perilous entanglements. Brief mediation ordinarily fixes the contamination. The tooth can typically be spared in numerous instances.ComplicationsLoss of the tooth Mediastinitis Sepsis Spread of contamination to delicate tissue ( facial cellulitis, Ludwig ‘s angina ) Spread of contamination to the jaw bone ( osteomyelitis of the jaw ) Spread of contamination to different nations of the natural structure following in encephalon boil, endocarditis, pneumonia, or different entanglements

Essay Topics For Romeo and Juliet

Essay Topics For Romeo and JulietAs a student, it is always difficult to choose the right essay topics when you have written a lot of essays. There are many aspects to consider when composing an essay topic, such as, its credibility, the purpose of the assignment, and the topic's value and worth. To help you out, here are some of the common topics that are used in the essay writing process.One of the most common essay topics is sports. Students are taught to be particular about what they write about while they are writing the essay. They also should spend more time studying if they are going to get good grades. Sports themes are usually thought of during their high school years or college years and have been around for a long time.Before students begin their work, they need to make sure they know what they are getting into. Not all essays deal with sports and some topics are more specific than others. For example, one of the most common topics is patriotism. It doesn't matter if the student will be writing a research paper or a thesis; patriotism is going to be a topic that is covered at some point. But what one writes about can often determine if one's project is rejected or not.Since many colleges and universities will require students to present original pieces on topic, it is important to consider several essay topics before selecting one. These include people or events, themes, and ideas. Each of these essay topics will then determine how the student will write and what kinds of thoughts and ideas will show up in the essay.Some of the essay topics that students will find when searching online include: morals, politics, philosophy, and ethics. These are all very valuable topics that have been around for a long time. Many schools and courses require some knowledge about these topics. Students who choose to take this route may want to consider other topics that will be helpful to them. They should look for a few of the same topics to make sure they get a vari ety of topics that are familiar to them.Students should consider looking at various writing samples before they choose which essay topics to write. Reading and comparing them and choosing the best one are not only helpful but also will help them be prepared for the final paper. While this can be a time consuming process, it is also useful in that it can help you know what works and what does not. The student who spends a little time researching is the one who will be able to bring a well-written piece of work to their professor or editor.The students should also consider studying other types of essays and learn about how personal experiences and personal perspectives can affect a person's writing. Humor and education will not always go hand in hand. This is the reason that many teachers like to get students to participate in the writing process and then have them read it later. This way they can see if they are having fun, and then if they are enjoying the paper, they can add in som e entertainment.Finally, students should remember that they should not copy any topic that is currently popular because it might change. Remember that these are subjects that are constantly being discussed and students should take the time to research the topic. In addition, the topic should be relevant to the research paper. Reading a few essays on popular topics should be enough to get them started.

Summery. In The Movie Which Way Home, Cameras Follow Several

Summery In the movie Which Way Home, cameras follow several children and adolescence on their journey from Mexico to the United States in hopes of a better life. This is done by hitchhiking on several freight trains illegally crossing the border. Of the thousands that attempt the feet of crossing the border in this manor are roughly five percent according to this documentary. For these children and adolescences, there is an additional risk for this type of travel, due to their cognitive abilities being underdeveloped. Therefore, these individuals may not make the best choices in this form of travel. Moreover, with border patrol apprehending one hundred thousand children during a year, this is no easy task. Within this documentary, you†¦show more content†¦As has been discussed through the book when regarding the developmental phases, for a child, there is an extreme sense of egocentrism. This comes from the Piagetian idea of the preoperational stage, most children a primaril y egocentric and tend to overgeneralize many rules (Hutchison, 2013, p. 113). Therefore, in the mind of Kevin, the reasons that his family is struggling are directly tied to him. He has the inability to recognize outside factors that contribute to the context of his family. Additionally, without the support and guidance from his parents, he is unable to overcome these thoughts. Without this support then, Kevin has most likely suffered from some residual effects that could have contributed to his decisions. Studies have shown the timing of stress is crucial in relation to healthy brain development. The development of the frontal cortex (logical reasoning) in humans takes place mostly between 8 and 14 years of age. The late increase in prefrontal volumes is consistent with data showing that this region develops latest in terms of myelination and synaptic density in humans (Sonia J. Lupien*, 2009). Significant decreases in brain volume have been reported in aged animals and humans, a lthough most of the studies performed are cross-sectional. In men the volume of the hippocampus starts to decrease by the second decade of life, whereas in women this decrease is delayed until around 40 years of age (Sonia J. Lupien*, 2009).Show MoreRelatedCountry Notebook Essay12249 Words   |  49 PagesI. Cultural Analysis I. Introduction This research paper will be an in-depth analysis of South Korea and understanding effect on market. The paper will cover descriptions of the country and the financial conditions which are relevant for conducting this research. Concluding the paper we will have a recommendation as to whether or not it will be advisable for a Medical Products, Inc. to engage in South Korean Market. Medical Products, Inc. (MPI) is a U.S. firm founded in 1998 by a small

Life and Talent of Edgar Allan Poe - 906 Words

Edgar Allen Poe was bone in Boston on January 19 1809 to David and Elizabeth Poe. He lost his parents at the age of two years and had to be adopted by John Allan and his wife Frances Valentine Allan. John Allan was a very wealthy man but he only gave Edgar a third of his school requirements and this alienated him from Edgar. When Allan’s wife dies Edgar also decides to move out because he could not put up with John Allan. Edgar loved poetry from a tender age. He even wrote verses to girls that he developed feelings for. He could have had his first poetry book published by the age of 14 years but there was no support both from his teachers and his adoptive parents. In the course of his life Edgar became an alcoholic and mentally disturbed and this enhanced his writing skills. He created his characters trough imagination to show mystery and adventure. It is fair enough to say that Edgar is among the greatest literature writer of the twentieth century. He dealt with several themes in his works. When you go through his works you will come across these topics of death, love and dreams just as examples. Death is a common theme in most of his works. When you talk of horror stories it will be unfair if Edgars name is not mentioned. He mostly uses death to bring out horror as well as bringing feelings of deep sadness and very strange happenings. For example in his work â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† A kingdom is under threat of a deadly disease by the name â€Å"Red Death†. The princeShow MoreRelatedMysteries in the Life of Edgar Allan Poe1277 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe There are many mysteries about the life of Edgar Allan Poe. While many are just legends, our dear poets life has many different tales. There are endless stories, and little truths. While it may be hard finding the stories in the writer’s life, they are not impossible. Edgar Allan Poe’s life was anything but easy. Most of his life was spent heartbroken and alone. He was a man gifted with amazing talent but the world failed to recognize his talents until after his death. Many believeRead MoreThe Life Of Edgar Allan Poe1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Life of Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Poets are shameless with their experiences: they exploit them.† ― Friedrich Nietzsche The life of Edgar Allan Poe s was short and mysterious - just like the lives of the heroes of his stories. And like his fictional heroes, Poe was passionate about painful, strange, gloomy existence of the human soul. The contradictory and unstable, inclined to extravagant whims and binges, he seemed to haveRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat 1650 Words   |  7 PagesBrittany White Mrs. Bey English 1101 1 April 2015 A Day in the Life Edgar Allan Poe is a very talked about writer. He has a dark, mysterious, gothic writing style. Poe was a troubled man that struggled in a lot of different areas in his life. 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Poe had many people in his life die around him and this was the reason for his fascination and some say obsession with â€Å"death.† Of course, Poe is most famous for writing many stories and mysteries that centered on murder, suicide, and overall macabre themes. Many people throughout time have been astonished by his many writings calli ng them â€Å"stories writtenRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe964 Words   |  4 Pages Essay 1 In the poem â€Å"The Raven†, Edgar Allan Poe expresses a current state of drunkenness, drug use, and depression as existing in a dark and dreary prison like setting, tormented by the memories of a lost love. Poe’s literary career was undoubtedly influenced by the many tragedies he suffered in his life. These misfortunes are evident in the correlation between his characters in his writings and real life events. 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Some people like horror stories and others like romances. Edgar Allan Poe is a widely accepted poet and author. He is known for his sullen horror stories and all of the tragedies in his life. Two of his most known stories are â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Fall of the HouseRead MoreTragedies Influence Poes Works749 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduced by tragedies early in his life, Edgar Allan Poe became one of the most successful writers, poets, and storytellers to ever live. Edgar Allan Poe had the intelligence to do anything he wanted to do, however, the pain of losing his loved ones always seemed to drive him towards a pen and paper. His emotions never failed to show through his writings, which helped the story line touch the readers. Poe became very close to several different women but each would die shortly after he came to love

Personal Statement Cultural Identity - 982 Words

What is my cultural identity? I had to do some research to figure out exactly what â€Å"Cultural Identity† meant. I looked at several essays and websites that explained what cultural identity means. I learned that cultural identity is how you feel when belonging to a group. It is how you perceive yourself and is related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, or any kind of social group that has its own culture. I decided to focus on the three things that culturally identified me. Those three things are my religious beliefs, my passion for soccer, and my self-values. My religion is very important to me; I would not be the person I am today if I didn’t have God to turn to. My parents were raised in different religious cultures. My mom was raised Jewish and my dad was raised Calvary Holiness Baptist. When I was a little girl, we attended the Fitzgerald Synagogue and the Calvary Holiness Baptist church. We would go to Synagogue for the Jewish holidays. We would participate in many of the Jewish rituals such as the lighting of the candles on the menorah for Hanukkah, reading the book of prayers from the back to the front, and saying the blessing over the bread. When I would spend the night with my Nana she would take me to New Corinth Holiness Baptist Church. When I was about 4 years old, our family started attending First Baptist Church in Tifton. A few years later, while I was attending vacation bible school at First Baptist Church, I asked Jesus to comeShow MoreRelatedCultural Interview Is An Indispensable Element Of One s Professional Succ ess Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance in terms of succeeding in cultural brokering. Subsequently, the analysis of the answers given during the cultural interview would be particularly helpful in terms of understanding the interrelations between the received information and the theories/concepts discussed in class. 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Friendly Bank Because The Fraud Committed -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Friendly Bank Because The Fraud Committed? Answer: Introducation Section of the Partnership Act 1963 states the meaning of partnership. As per this section, partnership is considered as relation between the people who decided to carry on common business for the purpose of earning profit, and it also includes an incorporated limited partnership. It must be noted that, partnership also includes external partnership. This section further states that any relationship between the members of the company, whether form as per the Act or not does not consider partnership under this Act (Partnership Act, 1963). In other words, partnership is considered as relationship in which two persons enter for carrying on a business with a view to earn profit. Partnership is created through agreement which is signed by two or more parties for the purpose of creating legally binding relationship which must be contractual in nature. This can be understood through case law Green v Beesley (1835) 2 Bing N C 108 at 112. In this case, Tindal CJ stated that partnership was considered as mutual participation and it was necessary that participants must not create legal entity when they create partnership. There was one more case Smith v Anderson (1880) 15 Ch D 247 at 273, in which James LJ stated following concept: Ordinary partnership was considered as partnership which includes definite individuals which were bound together through contract for the purpose of combined for joint object either for indefinite period or limited time. Partnership generally composed those persons who were originally entered into contract with each other. It must be noted that law imposed limitation on number of partners under single partnership, and partnership must be registered under partnership Act. Law of partnership is derived from both case law and statute law, and for this relevant legislation is Partnership Act 1963. It must be noted that partnership is also considered as special type of agency and the main reason behind this is that when partners in the firm carrying on business under partnership, and then they act like agents for each other. This can be understood through case law Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1 at 11. Section 7 of Partnership Act 1963 states rules for determining the existence of partnership. Clause 1 of this section state, for determining the existence of partnership Court must consider clause 2 to clause 4 of this section. Clause 2 of this section states, joint tenancy, any common tenancy, property in joint, and part ownership does create any partnership itself just for anything held and owned. For determining partnership, court considers whether tenants or owners share profit which is earned thorough using these things held and owned or not. In other words, holding any property jointly as co-owners does not create any partnership, and this can be understood through case law Davis v Davis [1894] 1 Ch 393. In this case, Court determines the partnership relationship when two brothers hold the real estate property as tenants in common. In this case, father of the brothers left his business and three houses too his sons as joint owners. One of the houses had been let to tenants and other two houses were used in business which was carried by two brothers. For business brothers borrowed loan by giving security of the houses and both receives weekly expenses from the business. In this case, Court stated that partnership exists for the purpose of carrying on business and both the houses were considered as property of partnership. Clause 3 of this section states, sharing of profit or gross returns does not create any partnership and for determining the existence of partnership it is considered whether sharing of returns or interest have or have not any common right and interest in the property from which such profit or return have been earned. This can be understood through case law Cribb v Korn (1911) 12 CLR 205. In this case, korn was employed as worker by the owner of the land. High Court stated that no partnership exists in this case it was just a tenancy. This was because landowner possesses exclusive right to occupy the land and Cribb does not own any right to direct the auditing of landowner while working on the land. Therefore, no partnership exists its just a tenancy. However, sharing of gross returns cannot be considered as enough to establish a partnership but merely constituted rent. Clause 4 of this section state, if person receives any share of profit from partnership business then it is considered as primary evidence that person is partner with respect to any business, but receipt of such share or profit or changes in the profit of the business does not itself create person partner in respect of partnership business. These payment or share does not make person as partner in the firm: Person is not considered as partner of the business if such person receipts any amount of debt or any other liquidated demand through installments or otherwise from the accruing profits and such receipt of payment not makes the person liable as partner in context of partnership business. Contract related to the agent or employees remuneration of the person who is engaged in the business by sharing profits of the business does not make such employee or agent partner in the firm and also not makes the person liable as partner in context of partnership business. Any domestic partner or child of deceased partner who receives share in the profit of the partnership business in the way of periodic payments is not considered as partner in the business just because they receive share in the profit. Such domestic partner and child of deceased partner are not liable as partner in context of partnership business. Lending of money to a person who is engaged or about to engage in the business under a contract which is made in writing with that person and such contract is signed by all the parties of the contract in respect of which lender has right to receive interest rate or any share of profit arise on carrying on the business then such lender is not considered as partner of the firm or make liable as partner in context of partnership business. There is one more case law Re Ruddock (1879) 5 VLR 51 (IP M) 51 at [3.5] which help in understanding this context. Any person who receives portion of profit of the partnership business through periodic payments in consideration of the sale of goodwill by the person then such person is not considered as partner of the firm. Clause 5 of this section states, provisions of this section does not applied in relation to incorporated limited partnership. Application: In the present case, Rose and Mary runs partnership business under the name of Busy Bee Florist shop. Because of drought their business start declined and this result in overdrawn of bank accounting and now Friendly bank refuses to honor their cheques. Both the partners decided to take loan from outside. For this purpose, Mary approached Violet for giving loan of $20000 in exchange for share in the business. Violet agreed to lend $ 20000, and sign agreement which states: Lender has right to get share in profit and losses to the extent of 20%. Lender has right to check the books of partnership. Lender also has right to receive business statements on quarterly basis. Agreement further states that money advanced by Violet is considered as loan and violet is not being the partner of the firm. In this case, section 7 of partnership Act applied and as per this section essential elements of partnership are present in this case: Profit shared is earned through common interest in the property and it is also considered as admissible evidence for determining partnership. There is one more case law which can be considered for understanding this theory of partnership law, and that is Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons Nominees Pty Ltd (No 1) (1979) 22 SASR 552. In this case, court consider that sharing of profit can be considered as admissible evidence related to the existence of partnership, but this fact is not enough to considering that there was partnership. If circumstances states then lender is also considered as partner of the firm. It is considered as exemption of clause d of section 7. This can be understood through case law Cox v Hickman [1860] 8 HL Cas 268; 11 ER 431. In this case, court stated that if any circumstances show that the relationship exists between the parties is the relationship of partnership then lender is considered as partner of the firm no matter what are the stated intentions of the parties. In the present case, all circumstances shows that Violet is the partner of the firm and on this basis Violet is considered as partner of the firm. On other side, Mary also approached sonny for lending $10000 to busy bee and Sonny agreed to lend $10000 to busy bee. It must be noted that Sonny is also the employee of the firm. Now Sonny receives his salary and also the one eight share of net profit and losses. In this also section 7 is applied which means that essential elements of partnership are considered for determining the partnership. In this also clause d of section 7 applies which states that lending of money to a person who is engaged or about to engage in the business under a contract which is made in writing with that person and such contract is signed by all the parties of the contract in respect of which lender has right to receive interest rate or any share of profit arise on carrying on the business then such lender is not considered as partner of the firm or make liable as partner in context of partnership business. Clause 3 of section 7also applied which states, sharing of profit or gross returns does not create any partnership and for determining the existence of partnership it is considered whether sharing of returns or interest have or have not any common right and interest in the property from which such profit or return have been earned. In the preset case, no common interest was present which justify the sharing of profits. In this case, it is clear that Sonny is not considered as the partner of firm because lender is not considered as partner of the firm or make liable as partner in context of partnership just because lender is receiving share of profit for such debt. Therefore, Sonny is not considered as partner of the firm. It must be noted that, Violet is considered as partner because circumstances of violet show that he is the partner of the firm but Sonny is not considered as partner because he only receives share of profit for the amount lend by him. Conclusion: In this case, violet is considered partner of the firm and he is also liable for the debts of Friendly bank because of the fraud committed by other partners. Violet is considered as partner because circumstances of violet show that he is the partner of the firm. On the other hand, Sonny is not considered as partner of the firm and he is also not liable for the debts of Friendly bank because of the fraud committed by other partners. In this Sonny is not considered as partner because he only receives share of profit for the amount lend by him. References: Partnership Act 1963- Section 6. Partnership Act 1963- Section 7. Green v Beesley (1835) 2 Bing N C business-lawat 112. Smith v Anderson (1880) 15 Ch D 247 at 273. Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1 at 11. Davis v Davis [1894] 1 Ch 393. Cribb v Korn (1911) 12 CLR 205. Re Ruddock (1879) 5 VLR 51 (IP M) 51. Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons management Pty Ltd (No 1) (1979) 22 SASR 552. Cox v Hickman [1860] 8 HL Cas 268; 11 ER 431.

Concept of the Determinism Theory in Philosophy

What Critical Thinking Is and How to Develop It

What Critical Thinking Is and How to Develop It The concept of critical thinking has been defined in many complex ways, but for young students new to the concept, it can best be summed up as thinking and judging for yourself. When you develop critical thinking skills, you will learn to evaluate information that you hear and process information that you collect while recognizing your implicit biases. You will analyze the evidence that is presented to you in order to make sure it is sound. Recognize Common Fallacies Fallacies are tricks of logic, and understanding them is the best way to avoid falling for them. There are many types of fallacies, and the more you think about them, the more readily you will recognize them all around you, especially in advertisements, arguments, and political discussions. Bandwagon Appeals: Bandwagon appeals argue that you should follow along with something because everyone else believes it.Scare Tactics: A scare tactic is the use of a  scary story as an example to make you more likely to believe some underlying assumption.Appeal to Emotion: An appeal to emotion uses a fiery speech or a tragic story to convince someone to side with you.False Dichotomy: Often there are many sides to an argument, but a false dichotomy presents an issue as one side versus the other. Characteristics of Critical Thinking To become a critical thinker, you must develop a few skills. Recognize assumptions you carry with you. Have you ever wondered why you believe the things that you believe? Do you believe things because you’ve been told to believe them? Step outside your own beliefs to observe from a neutral viewpoint. Be aware of assumptions and learn to self-reflect.Process information honestly. People sometimes pass along information that is not really true (i.e. the fake news crisis).Recognize a generalization. Girls don’t like bugs. Old people are wise. Cats make better pets. These are generalizations. They’re not always true, are they?Evaluate old information and new ideas. There was a time when doctors thought leeches could cure us. Recognize that just because something is commonly accepted, doesnt mean it is true.Produce new ideas based on sound evidence. Detectives solve crimes by collecting bits of truths and putting them all together like a puzzle. One small deceit can jeopardize an investigation. The entire truth-seeking process is destabilized by one piece of bad evidence, leading to a wrong conclusion. Analyze a problem and recognize the complex parts. A mechanic must understand how an entire engine works before s/he can diagnose a problem. Sometimes it is necessary to deconstruct an engine to figure out which part isn’t working. You should approach big problems like this: break them down into smaller parts and observe carefully and deliberately.Use precise vocabulary and communicate with clarity. The truth can be blurred by fuzzy language. It is important to develop your vocabulary so you can communicate truths accurately.Manage emotions in response to a situation or problem. Don’t be fooled by stirred up, emotional plea or angry speech. Stay rational and keep your emotions in check as you encounter new information.Judge your sources. Learn to recognize hidden agendas and bias when you collect information. As students progress from high school into college and graduate school they must develop critical thinking skills in order to carry out research. Students will learn to identify good sources and bad sources, make logical conclusions, and develop new theories.

Reflection ( R-Rent a car) buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection ( R-Rent a car) buisness - Essay Example After which a careful scan of competitors around Dubai must be thoroughly made so that I can have a full grasp of how it is to compete in a dense market. It was difficult since as a new entry in this business, other companies have already the advantage of having loyal customers. Nevertheless, I was able to successfully gather enough data that can give me a complete view of the car rental industry. This also meant being resourceful by tapping networks of friends, even relatives who knows someone from this kind of business. On the second week, I doubled my efforts to get primary sources for my data. This entailed doing interviews among two rent-a-car owners so I can have some idea for the marketing strategy. I also interviewed a driver so I can anticipate possible problems in operating this business. I fully realized that this business is not about cars, it’s about giving service which is why I incorporated â€Å"pleasure â€Å" in my tag line. The succeeding week, it was time to put up advertisement on different media and that was not quite easy for a newcomer. There were many phone calls to make just to canvass the price of such ads. Also, I was not familiar with sizes, dimension and design of paid ads. Indeed, the design of the website occupied also another week of the project since many considerations must be made in the B2C marketing. The four principles of marketing are the same but one must view the ad as a browser on the internet with very little attention span. The ad must immediately grasp the attention of the potential customer. There were many skills that I have learned in accomplishing this project. The first set of skills I have developed are soft skills in negotiating, problem-solving, listening, interacting with others, diffusing tension in an argument and even teaching. These skills were learned during my interaction with people in the industry as well as people in the media. The rent-a-car business depends

The Impact of Economics on My Life as a Business Article

The Impact of Economics on My Life as a Business - Article Example In order for business people to become successful in today’s global business, each businessman should be knowledgeable in study of microeconomics and macroeconomics. For the purpose of this study, the importance of the basic principles of microeconomics such as the supply and demand of labor and products2 and how individuals, households, and firms make decisions with regards to allocating their limited resources in markets where the trading of goods and services occurs3; and the macroeconomics which focuses particularly on the external factors that could affect the variables such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate4 will discussed in order to enable the businessmen to understand and apply the useful economic theories in their future business decision making. Businessmen should be aware that there is a significant correlation between the increase in demand for goods and services as well as with the demand for labor. In case the economy of a country is booming, the domestic demand for finished products increases. The increase in the demand for products contributes to the increase in demand for human resources (workforce). Basically, this allows the talented men and women to have the demand for a higher salary or have an option to take double jobs and longer working hours. (See Figure I – A Good Economy below) On the other hand, in case the country is experiencing economic downturn or recession such as the Asian crisis in 1997 or a tragic event such as the September 11 terrorist attack in the United States, the demand  for human resources decreases since a lot of local businesses were directly affected and eventually had to declare bankruptcy or impose a mass lay-offs in order for them to be able to sustain the business financially.  

Aboriginal Civil Rights Movement Essay Example for Free

Aboriginal Civil Rights Movement Essay 1. Why did four Indigenous activists erect a beach umbrella on the lawns of Old Parliament House? On Australia Day in 1972, Indigenous activists erected a beach umbrella on the lawns outside of Old Parliament House. They set this up to start a protest; they placed a sign that said â€Å"Embassy† to represent a displaced nation. The McMahon Liberal Government made a statement in which land rights were rejected in favour of 50-year leases to Aboriginal communities, the activists were against this and this was the reason that this protest started. The activists were repeatedly asked when the protest would end and they said that they would stay until Aboriginal Australians had land rights, which could be forever. 2. Is source 2 a primary or secondary source? Why?  Source 2 is a secondary source because it is not the original photo that was taken at that time. This photo would have been edited, copied and scanned so that it could be used for website and for other sources. 3. What sort of information can a photograph give historians about a past event? What might a photograph not tell us about the past? A photograph can give historians an idea about what the situation looked like and also the people involved and how they seemed to be feeling. A photograph cannot tell historians exactly how people were feeling because people may seem happy and content in a photograph when they are really going through a horrible time. A photograph also doesn’t show the full story and may only capture a small part of the past event. These points are proven in source 2 because in the photo there are two Aboriginal Australians sitting in a tent with signs saying â€Å"Aboriginal Embassy†, these two people seem quite relaxed and that’s how people that saw the photo would think they were feeling. Because of this reason you know that it doesn’t capture the full story as these people were protesting for land rights and the Government wanted them to be removed. These protesters also faced a lot of violence and you wouldn’t have known that from just this one source. 4. Read source 3. How does the government plan to respond to the Aboriginal Embassy? When the government realized what the Aboriginal protesters were doing they knew that they had to be removed because they were trespassing on Government land. They decided that that action should be taken to remove the campers which were on the lawn; it was put into place that it would be done with reasonable notice and tactfully with the least disturbance. * 5. Look at source 4. Do you think the cartoonist is critical of the Government or the Aboriginals? What other groups are represented in the cartoon? I think the cartoonist is critical of the Government because the writing under the cartoon is being said by the Aboriginals. In the cartoon it is stating that the white settlers have come to Australia and have taken over from the Aboriginal Australians and are taking away the right that the Aboriginals had. The people that are represented in this cartoon are the Aboriginals and the Politicians. I think the fighting would involve the Aboriginals and also the white people because you can see the people in the fight and you can see one person biting another’s leg in front of Parliament House. You can also see a sign which says ‘Aboriginal Embassy’ and a tent which may show that they are destroying the camper’s area. In the quote it states that ‘They’ own the place, I think that when they say ‘they’ it is referring to the White Settlers and the politicians. There are also two Aboriginals walking away from the fight looking very casual with the quote â€Å"They get stranded by some travel agency in 1770, then act like the own the place†¦!†. 6. Using all the sources, explain what happened to the Aboriginal Tent embassy in 1972. On Australia day 1972 four Indigenous activists, Michael Anderson, Billy Craigie, Bertie Williams and Tony Koorie erected a beach umbrella on the lawns of Parliament House. These four people set up a protest and placed signs which said ‘Embassy’, this was to represent a displaced nation. The protesters were against the McMahon Liberal Government’s statement in which land rights were rejected to Aboriginal communities. They issued a petition which had a detailed five point plan which addressed that Aboriginals had ownership of existing reserves and settlements. The Aboriginal protesters said that they would stay out on the lawns opposing until the Aboriginal Australians were granted their land rights. After a while the Government realized that they needed to get rid of the Aboriginals that were camped at Old Parliament House. They decided that they would be removed without any disturbance and with plenty of notice. The police pulled down and raided the tent embassy may times and many Aboriginals were arrested. Even through all of this and the support through the nation the embassy said that they would stay until they were granted their land rights.

Feminine Roles in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Feminine Roles in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A variety of roles have women in them in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello. Let us in this essay examine the female characters and their roles.    One key role for the heroine of the drama, Desdemona, is to support the general. David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies enlightens us about the hero’s dependence on Desdemona:    Othello’s most tortured speeches (3.4.57-77, 4.2.49-66) reveal the extent to which he equates the seemingly betraying woman he has so depended on for happiness with his own mother, who gave Othello’s father a handkerchief and threatened him with loss of her love if he should lose it. Othello has briefly learned and then forgotten the precious art of harmonizing erotic passion and spiritual love, and as these two great aims of love are driven apart in him, he comes to loathe and fear the sexuality that puts him so much in mind of his physical frailty and dependence on woman. (226)    At the outset of the play Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken the senator with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. This is the initial reference to the role of women in the play – the role of wife. In response to the noise and Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed. Iago’s bawdy references to the senator’s daughter present a second role of women – that of illicit lover. With Roderigo’s help, he gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona and bring her home. The father’s attitude is that life without his Desdemona will be much ... ... murder on.† Emilia is aware that she is violating social convention here: â€Å"’Tis proper I obey him, but not now.† This violation costs her dearly Emilia’s stunning interrogation and conviction of her own husband as the evil mastermind behind the murder results in Iago’s killing her. Despondent Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, stabs himself and dies on the bed next to his wife.    Thus it is seen that the roles of women are many and varied – and are key to the successful development of the story.       WORKS CITED    Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.               

Business Plan for a Recreational Business

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Away with the old and in with the new ‘X-Treme Gravity’ recreational park. The business is viewed as exhilarating, enjoyable and flexible. It accommodates almost all ages and different packages are designed to suit the customers’ capacity and beyond that to boost one’s confidence by motivating them to overcome their fears. The first task accomplished was the brainstorming and mind-mapping session. This was done in order to develop an exhilarating and fresh idea for recreational businesses. The factors considered for the business were divided in to two. There were the external factors that were considered such as economic factors, political factors, the socio-cultural factors and the competitors in the industry. Then, there were the internal factors considered which include: the start-up costs, the returns on investment, the assets and other resources required and the overall financial budget. The business’s main center is located in Karen within Nairobi. These premises offer several extreme and outdoor sports such as paintballing, go karting, dirt bike racing, and zorbing, among others. The business also extends their services by offering extreme sports packages for certain extreme sports that cannot be done on the premises. Therefore, the packages comprise of mountain climbing, trekking, scuba diving, snorkeling, white water rafting and sky diving to different areas within Kenya. The vision of this business is; to provide excellent customer services, build long-term relationships with the clients, create awareness & increase stipulation for the extreme sports. Various sources for the research were used, such as: The Internet, newspapers, magazines, journals, public banners, the general public, individual businessmen and successful companies. The task of SWOT analysis was much of a group contribution, whereby the group members contributed information based on their own knowledge and understanding of the business. The financial projections of the business were based on estimated values. The business interviewed companies with similar products such as, ‘Out of bounds’ and ‘Kitengela adventures, to acquire reasonable figures for costs and revenues. They were mainly interviewed via email and telephone. Our business also did surveys and face-to-face interviews. A market research was carried out to determine market growth, trends and needs. Survey objectives were determined and the questions were prepared based on these objectives. The promotional campaign was addressed and researched through a market survey. Overall, the business was seen as viable and acceptable. MISSION STATEMENT: AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE BUSINESS -Short Term goals: From 1 to 12 month of operating: a)Establish the target market and inform the target market of the products existence by 10% in the first year. )Creating a promotional and marketing plan that will fasten the awareness process by 15% in a year. c)Using discount and seasonal pricing to increase the demand of the products and services in the market by 10% in the first year. d) To develop a relationship with our customers in order to create a friendly environment and to keep them loyal to our business. This will maintain and steadily increase revenue by 5% each year. -Middle term goals: From 13 to 60months: a)Design a marketing plan that will keep our customers loyal to the business. Profits will steadily increase by 10% in a year. )Design a plan to increase our customer’s margin; revenue will increase by 9% in a year. c)Increase the profit monthly through the above plans. Profits should increase by 15 in a year. d)Receive higher returns on the investment of 12% in a year. e)Grow in the market and expand the business’s market share by 6%. f)Increase revenue and sales margins after the first year, by 10% each year thereafter. – Long-term goals: a)To expand the business by locating it in different areas to facilitate the access of our products to potential customers in those areas; revenue will increase by 15% in a year. )To design a plan that will expand the business in terms of the target market; profits will rise by 18% in a year. c)Maintain long-term relati onships with the clients and receive customer feedback. Market share will expand by 7%. d)Introduce new activities and extreme sports packages. Profits will increase by 19% in a year. e)Maximize profit margins and revenue margins by 22% in a year. f)Continue expanding in the market to eliminate any other competition. Increase market share by 10%. KEYS TO SUCCESS The essential keys to success of this business include: Create an environment for people to feel good about themselves, both physically and mentally. †¢To keep our customers comfortable by creating a relationship with them †¢Provide special activities for various holidays. †¢To insist on excellent customer assistance at all times †¢To recruit professionals in the different domains to insure customers’ satisfaction Always a follow up on the customers’ experiences in our premises and in outdoor facilities arranged by us. IDEA GENERATION When selecting an appropriate business, the group identif ied various factors and their implications on the business. EXTERNAL FACTORS CONSIDERED: Economic factors: These included factors such as inflation, unemployment, economic growth and income inequality. Each factor was considered and evaluated in order to determine the most detrimental one to the business in the market. Initial surveys and experiments show that Income inequality will affect this business the most in this market. Political factors: These include the political upheaval in the market. Another major detrimental factor to businesses in Nairobi is the political factors. Therefore, it is important to study the current political situation and the impact it will have on our business. Socio-cultural factors: These include factors such as population structure, lifestyles and behavior of the market. This was vital to consider since the nature of the business is one that has rarely been explored before and therefore, its success depends entirely on the customer behavior and lifestyles. Competition: The fewer the competitors, the easier the success of the business. Therefore, the business was selected based on the number of competitors in the market. X-Treme Gravity faces its main competition from â€Å"Out of Bounds† and â€Å"Kitengela adventures†. (Sourced from surveys) The pie chart shows which one of these factors is seen as the most detrimental in the market, especially for our business. INTERNAL FACTORS CONSIDERED: Assets and resources: The assets and resources for the business are limited, since most of the sports being done on the premises are outdoor and require, one-off payments for the main equipment. Similarly, since the business is outsourcing for the extreme sports packages, then the assets and resources required are controlled. Financial budget: The business was also selected because the preparation of the projected financial budget was not impractical. Initial start-up costs: The initial start-up costs for the business are relatively high for the new business. This is because the business is being located in Karen and the cost of acquiring lad is quite expensive. However, it is a one-off cost. Return on Investment: The return on investment is attractive. This encourages more investors to ‘pitch in’ and the success of this business highly depends on the attractiveness of the investment. Profitability: The nature of this business is very dynamic which constantly eliminates any new type of competition to this business. The business may experience high initial start up costs but these costs are likely to be recovered fully within the course of the business. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION / COMPANY SUMMARY COMPANY DESCRIPTION AND OWNERSHIP: 1. 1Company description The business is mainly accentuated around extreme sports. We provide our customers with different thrilling activities. These include: A set of activities that can be enjoyed in either the ‘X-Treme Gravity’ recreational park or outside the premises. Our premises are situated in Karen, Nairobi. This is our main center, and it will be an extreme sports recreational park. Then we extend our services by offering other extreme sports packages so that certain extreme sports such as scuba diving, skydiving, mountain climbing and white water rafting, among others, can be done in style. The extreme sports packages have been designed in such a way that it stretches out to different, unique places within Kenya that are best suited for that particular extreme sport. The main objective of this business is to provide a new way of enjoying and relaxing during leisure time to our Nairobi residents. Therefore, ‘X-Treme Gravity’ is not only an extreme sports park but also a fun park, specifically founded to add enjoyment in the lives of our customers. EXTREME SPORTS AGENTS: We extend our services as extreme sports agents and the procedure that tour business followed is: 1. 2Company Ownership After a careful analysis of all the different possible ownerships available, this company will operate as a limited company for the following advantages: a)The ordinary shareholders are the owners of our company. b)The ordinary shareholders at the AGM elect the Board of Directors. )The members of the company can vary from two till infinity (depending on the no. Of shares) d)The shares are traded on the stock exchange. e)There is a separate ‘legal entity’ from the shareholders f)There is a limited liability to shareholders. g)Funds and finance are raised through the issue of shares and redemption of debentures. (MBA Publishing Ltd, 2005) COMPANY LOCATION AND FACILTIES : This company will be located in Karen considering the atmosphere we would like to create for our customers as well as the issue of land. Extreme sports which need to be done outdoors will then have its appropriate locations where customers will either be transported there using the company’s facilities or use their private transport. Those w need to hire out our company vehicles to pick and drop them to our premises need to give a weeks advance notice, including the numbers needed to be picked. (Sourced from Kitengela Glass) The facilities included are: A cafeteria: The cafeteria is designed in a modern art style. It extends outdoors so that our customers can enjoy the outdoor breeze on a sunny day under the table umbrellas. People may also sit in the well-designed, creative loft. Changing rooms: These have been included on the premises so that the people doing the outdoor sports can change there and lock their belongings in the secure lockers in the changing rooms. Picnic site: There is a picnic site on location, which has bee well designed to fit the description of â€Å"peaceful, relaxing and scenic†. This has been specially introduced for the schools, companies and families. An area filled with nature and comfort perfectly designed specifically for the satisfaction of our customers. Go-kart and dirt bike tracks: The premises also include two separate tracks for go karting and dirt bike racing. Attention has been given to developing these tracks so that various competitions can be held on location under the categories of ‘junior karting’ and ‘team building’. Artificial rough rock wall: This has been installed on location as well for the purpose of training for rock climbing. There is one separate wall for juniors and one separate one for adults and professionals. Within this area, individuals are also trained for abseiling/ rappelling. Rope crossing/ Tarzaning/ aerial rope structures: Once again, a separate area within the premises will be dedicated to all the rope games (heights), where ropes are tied to various tall structures very high off the ground. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PRODUCT AND SERVICE DESCRIPTION: X-TREME GRAVITY will be offering the following activities within the premises: 1. Paintball: P aintball is a sport in which players eliminate opponents by hitting them with pellets containing paint (referred to as a â€Å"paintball†), usually shot from powered paintball gun (or marker). Wikipedia, 2007) The area for paintballing has been designed in such a way that it offers flexibility in the types of paintball games that can be played on location. These variations in the paintball games have been done intentionally, to offer a wider variety for customers ranging from the age group of 10 onwards. Among the paintball games that can be played on our premises are: Capture the flag- players need to steal th e enemy flag and defend the friendly flag Elimination- shoot the enemy team; may replay if hit King of the hill- one team defends a raised flag while the other team attempts to lower the flag. Zombie- a few players are considered enemy (only die with goggle shots) which will turn others into their team by hitting them Speedball- players start from 2 far sides of a round field trying to capture a flag placed in the middle and returning it to friendly base. (Wikipedia, 2007) 2. Go-karting: T He business chose to introduce go-karting on the premises because it is a very fun-filled, enlivening and stimulating game. The game requires a person to hire out a go-kart and complete several rounds, competing with other fast drivers on the same tracks with them. The idea is to reach the finish point before the opponents and the thrill lies in the speed at which they drive the go-kart. The game has been designed and split in to two categories: The ‘junior karting’ for all the children under the age of 12 and ‘team building’ for adults and companies who come to the premises for ‘team building’ activities. We can also provide photography, video recording and product displays if required. (Envermeyer, 2009) ‘TEAM-BUILDING’ GO KARTING: What better way to get your workforce motivated than a Grand Prix-style event? Once your staff is confronted by a track full of adrenaline-fuelled workmates and a burning desire to win you will soon see who responds best under testing conditions; there really is no better way of bringing people together than on the race track. (Envermeyer, 2009) â€Å"JUNIOR KARTING†: All likelihood the next Formula 1 Champion will have started his career in a go-kart. Youngsters from 8 years upwards are competing on a regular basis and whether you are trying the sport to see if the child has potential or simply looking for a different type of birthday treat the karting could be something to consider. Envermeyer, 2009) 3. Dirt bike riding: This game has several similarities with go-karting. To start with, it is a game that spells out ‘wild and crazy’ fun, just as go-karting. Separate dirt-bike tracks have been designed in such a way that the tracks are dusty, uneven, uphill, downhill, through bushes, testing various levels of difficulty. The tracks are quite long and the game requires a well protected and geared up individual to ride a motor cross bike through the different levels along the track, competing with his/her opponents along that track. The deal is to reach the finish point before your opponents. The game is only applicable for children above the age of 15 and requires a certain level of skill or enthusiasm. (Dirtrider. net, 2005) 4. Aerial ropes / Rope crossing and Tarzaning: This activity emphasizes on height and balance. There are several activities involving ropes within the premises that have especially been designed for ‘team-building’ activities, ‘junior’ activities and ‘professional training’. One rope is tied from one tall structure to another and a person is to balance him/herself on the one end to the other wearing the harness and other necessary protective gear, for our client’s protection. However, this is just one of the many activities with the ropes. There are bridges made of ropes only, suspended high off the ground, there are ‘Tarzaning’ activities as the name suggests and many more. (South Stafford shire council, 2009). The ropes are suspended very high of the ground and they have been positioned in an area within the premises that has outdoor, adventurous, bushy excursion scenery. This helps overcoming the fear of heights. Some of the trails we offer are: MINI AERIAL ROPES TRAIL: 8 years of age & up: This trail is to be created especially for small adventurers. The trail is similar to the regular trail, but is adapted to the younger clientele. This trail permits children to have fun going from one tree to the next all the while at their own rhythm and abilities. Although, the trail has different levels of difficulties for the juniors as well. Participation Requirements: (South Stafford shire council, 2009). Must measure a minimum 1m40 arms extended, from fingertips to toes. Adult supervision is obligatory. Be in good health. THE ‘CAP JASEUX’ TRAIL: Aerial ropes course in Cap Jaseux consists of 73 suspended bridges, which cross over 4 distinct areas. These bridges wind through a majestic trees, bushes and woods, from platform to platform within’ the trees. Each section is composed of a complete route with each its own challenges and surprises, but always respecting the capacities of each hiker. (South Stafford shire council, 2009). Participation Requirements: You must be over 8 years of age and measure a minimum of 1m80, arms extended, from fingertips to toes. Participants under 16 years of age must be accompanied by a responsible adult (an adult can accompany a maximum of 3 young participants). Participants cannot be under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Participants must be healthy. 5. Zorbing: The activity of sphering, zorbing or globe riding is the recreational practice of humans rolling downhill in a bouncing sphere, generally made of transparent plastic. Sphereing is generally performed on a gentle slope, but can also be done on a level surface, as well as on water, permitting more rider control. The zorbing zone has been designed with several exciting and challenging barriers. While rolling downhill in the plastic ball, the sphere is rolled down n a certain direction and from there it meets several ‘cushioned’ barriers that make the sphere ‘bounce-off’ the cushioned barrier. We offer two types of spheres, the single holder and the double holder. Zorbing is a very flexible game as it can be done in various ways. It could be rolled down, it could be in water, it could be bounced off various barriers. Extras: We also include a low level of water in the zorbs. Extreme dreams, 2009) . 6. Wall/rock climbing and abseiling/rappelling: For those who are interested in high-adrenaline adventures and the terror of height, wall/rock climbing was not forgotten in the mixture of the creation of X-TREME GRAVITY. In this sport, the climber wears a harness and other protective equipment before the activity begins in order to protect them from accidents of any sorts. The built-in wall/rock wall has an uneven, rough texture just as in a real adventure. Individuals are required to climb it using different levels of support. The wall stretches very high. On reaching the top, then the individual is required to climb down using the appropriate equipment from the other side of the wall. This helps in overcoming fear of heights and it can be used especially for training of using the appropriate equipment and climbing and descending aptly, for a real rock climbing expedition. (Wikipedia, 2007) EXTREME SPORTS PACKAGES: The business is keen to provide exciting, thrilling and adventurous extreme sports packages and therefore, X-treme Gravity has designed several exhilarating packages for the introductory stage of the business. The business looks forward to expanding and introducing more new and unique extreme sports packages over time. The packages that X-treme Gravity introduces, includes: Mountain Climbing White-Water Rafting and Kayaking Scuba Diving Sky diving Mountain Climbing If you enjoy climbing/hiking, Kenya has a lot to offer, the most favorable areas being, the Aberdare Mountains, the Chyulu Hills, Hell's Gate, Mt. Susua, Mt. Longonot, the Menengai Crater in the Rift Valley, Ngong Hills, located south-west of Nairobi, Cherangani Hill, Mt. Elgon and Mt Kenya. (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008) Mt Kenya offers a rewarding hike as well as challenging climbs. There are eight routes up the mountain, three of them being the most popular and accessible to anyone of reasonable fitness. Naro Moru, lying to the west, is the easiest ascent with Sirimon to the north and Chogoria to the east being equally popular but you still need to be fit and properly equipped. Batian at 5,199meters is the summit and should only be attempted by experienced climbers. You need to be accompanied by a porter or go with organized tour. Be careful of altitude sickness and hypothermia. The best time of the year for climbing is from mid-January to late February and from late August through September but it is accessible most year round. (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008) You will need warm, wind proof clothing, strong comfortable walking boots, gloves, a tent and a good sleeping bag as well as a stove and high-energy food and drinks. Several places hire equipment (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008) Mount Kenya Routes and Rates (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008) Sirimon Route – The least used of the three principal routes. Because Sirimon is on the dry side of the mountain it offers some of the finest forest walking to be had on any tropical mountain. In the lower sections, above the Park Gate. Higher up, Hugh specimens of St John's Work interspersed with small thickets of Bamboo. Near the top of the track, beautiful alpine flowers and the start of the tussock grass. Animal life abounds and parties often come across buffalo, elephant and sometimes-even lions. Naro Moro Route – Although the least scenic of the three principal routes, it remains the most popular. Firstly it is the fastest route to Lenana and back if you enter from the main road. Secondly both the Naro Moro River Lodge and Mountain Rock Hotel offer excellent facilities for climbers, including equipment hire porters and comfortable accommodation. Chogoria Route – Having reached the road head, Chogoria is the fastest and, arguably, the most beautiful and spectacular route up the mountain. Itinerary: (Packages designed by X-Treme Gravity) Option 1: -2 night 3 days. Sirimon Route $537 pp (Kshs. 42950) Day 1: Transfer from Nairobi and beginning of ascent. The first night is spent at Old Moses Day 2: Trek from Old Moses up to Shiptons Hut, in preparation for the final ascent. Day 3: Starting very early in the morning, ascend up to Lenana Point for Sunrise. The descent begins shortly afterwards, back past Old Moses in order to meet the vehicle, for the transfer back to Nairobi. Option 2: 2 nights 3 days. Naro Moru – route. From US$537 pp (Kshs. 42950) Day 1: Transfer from Nairobi and beginning of ascent. The first night is spent at the Met Station. Day 2: Trek from the Met Station up to Mackinders Hut, in preparation for the final ascent. Day 3: Starting very early in the morning, ascend up to Lenana Point for Sunrise. The descent begins shortly afterwards, back past the Met Station in order to meet the vehicle, for the transfer back to Nairobi. Option 3: 3 nights 4 days Sirimon Route from US$600 pp (Kshs. 48,020) Day 1: Transfer from Nairobi up to Old Moses. Day 2: Trek from Old Moses to Shiptons Hut. Day 3: Starting very early in the morning, ascend up to Lenana Point for Sunrise. The descent begins shortly afterwards, back to Old Moses for the night. Day 4: Final descent and transfer back to Nairobi. All Prices include: All prices exclude: Park FeesTipping PortersClimbing Gear & Sleeping Bags GuidesBeverages & Mineral Water Accommodation in huts 3 simple meals per day Cooks White-Water Rafting and Kayaking Kenya has three rivers; the Tana, the Athi and the Ewaso, suitable for rafting at all levels of competence up to exhilarating Class V white water. The experience is more rustic and less crowded than the Zambezi version. (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008) Below are details of the rivers we run and the rates for established trips. Rivers and Rates: The Tana River – one day rafting trip: Our premiere one-day trip ideal for people with a day or two to spare when visiting Nairobi, or those basing themselves in the capital (only 100kms along the Nyeri Rd). This will be an exciting day of thrills (and often spills) with a great mix of high action white-water (up to grade V) interspersed with scenic calm water where bird life abounds. Not enough? Why not leap feet first into a big surfing hole, jump a 30ft waterfall or swim The Devils Toilet Bowl (water level dependant). (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008) A typical day trip starts with you being picked up from either The Norfolk hotel, or Sarit Centre in Nairobi by 8am. A 1. 5hr drives sees you arriving at our Camp at Sagana. Here you can relax with tea/coffee and biscuits before receiving a comprehensive safety briefing. After signing a compulsory release and assumption of risk form, we drive up to the put-in where you will receive some final practical training before heading down river. The trip is either 16km (high water season) or 8km (low water season) and lasts approximately 4hrs. This varies greatly due to the water levels and we often find ourselves rafting 8km one day, then 11km the next due to rain upstream. The trip takes out at Savage Camp, where you can enjoy a solar heated shower or relax in the pool before enjoying a three-course BBQ lunch. Trips depart Savage Camp no later than 5pm for Nairobi to ensure you arrive back at your pick up point before dark. Other options available on the Tana include scenic float trips from the camp downstream on completely flat water for those not wishing to experience any white-water. This trip lasts 4hrs and takes in the abundant bird life inhabiting the lush riverine forests along the river. To date our guides have recorded over 120 species of birds on this section. A Kenya Professional Safari Guide usually takes trips. (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008). New to our repertoire of Tana trips is the full moon run. This takes in the white-water section only and lasts about 3hrs. (Packages designed by the X-treme Gravity) Prices All prices are in US dollars: One day trip — 99. 00 (Kshs. 7,910) One day/one night —137. 00 (Kshs. 10,920) Scenic float trip — 82. 00 (Kshs. 6,540) Full moon trip — 124. 00 (Kshs. 9,950) The Athi River – 3 day rafting expedition: Itinerary (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008) If you like multi-day expedition style trips then the Athi is for you! Flowing through Tsavo National Park, we raft up to 80km`s of Kenya’s second longest river with three days and three nights on the river. The river gives an awesome mixture of relaxing calm water with game viewing (Lion, Elephant, Buffalo, crocodile and hippo have all been seen from our boats) and abundant birdlife interspersed with some great white-water (up to grade IV). The trip usually goes out fully self supported with our guides providing breakfast (full cooked or cereals/fruit/toast), lunch (a selection of cold meats and cheeses with bread/salad and fruit) and dinner (three courses). If a more luxury trip is your style then vehicle support (at an extra cost) is available to bring those added necessities. (East Africa Shuttles & safaris Ltd, 2008)Day one: gets you to Athi at Kibwezi, a short drive from the Mombassa road. After our comprehensive safety briefing, you will set out in the afternoon to raft the short distance to our first camp, Bushwhackers. Set on a secluded sandbar mid river. The first night is spent round the campfire listening to the sounds of Africa and swapping stories with the guides about the days ahead. Day two: after breakfast and an early start you will soon reach our first major rapid followed by a few calm sections interspersed with smaller rapids down to our lunch spot. More rapids and flat open plains where hopefully you will see some of the animal’s native to this area follow this. Late afternoon we arrive at our second camp `scorpion` on the relatively unpopulated left bank of the river. Day three has some of the best rapids with the legendary `Vietnam` taking you through dense undergrowth and crocodile burn providing an awesome hit. After another fun packed day you will arrive at our final camp, `Hippo`, where you will spend a final night by the fire relaxing and re living the previous day’s action. Day four: we return to Nairobi by around lunchtime. Price (US Dollars) – $623. 00 (Kshs. 49,800) All prices exclude: Tipping Beverages & Mineral Water Scuba Diving and balloon safaris Kenya has nearly 600 kms of coastline, nearly all bordered by spectacular coral reef. The Indian Ocean provides warm, hospitable waters, with coral reefs teeming with marine life, ideal for scuba diving. Often on our way to dive sites the boat will slow down to play with a school of friendly dolphins or stop to dive with the gentlest of giants, the whale shark. (Africastay, 2004) In Kenya we work with Diving the Crab and Diani Marine – Kenya's top dive schools. Both are based at Diani Beach on the South Coast of Kenya and are accredited to run PADI and SSI dive courses. Diani Marine was established in 1978, Diving the Crab in 1983 so both schools have nearly many years experience of scuba diving in Kenya and operate very well run dive bases, equipped with the latest equipment, dive boats and high qualified instructors and dive masters. Africastay, 2004) The package: 7 night’s accommodation at beach side hotel on the spectacular Diani Beach + flying safari to the Masai Mara for 2 nights 3 day in Luxury tented camp. on full board with 3 game drives per day in 4Ãâ€"4 vehicle Optional extras such as diving with Whale Sharks, scuba dives and courses, dolphin watching, kite surfing + windsurfing; Flights from Europe not included, airport transfers included and park fees included Location, Mombassa Region, Diani, South Coast Price, from US $ 1,198 (Kshs. 5,800) All prices include:All prices exclude: Flights, Included Tipping Availability: All yearBeverages & Mineral Water Skydiving Divers are usually based at a single beach resort and make their way to a local airstrip before falling out the sky at enormous heights. At Diani, skydivers take a short trip to Ukunda airstrip, and ascend in a Kenya Twin Otter, completing the spectacular and exhilarating drive by landing on the doorstep of their chosen accommodation to enjoy a well-earned drink. Mowngera Kioga, 2005) This means that at Diani, skydivers stay at the Safari Beach Hotel – take a short 10 minute drive to Ukunda airstrip, take off in a waiting Air plane [Twin Otter], and then dive directly over the beach- landing on the sands right at the doorstep of the resort. For the skydiving addict, th is is a perfect arrangement. For most skydivers, it's all about the fall- the pure freedom of flight that lasts from the time a jumper leaves the plane until the parachute is pulled at around 2000 feet. The average diver falls at the incredible speed of 120 miles per hour- but those who have never tried it may be surprised to know that this experience does not feel like falling- the continued momentum of the plane sends the diver earthward on a sustained arc- which means that there is none of the stomach lifting â€Å"plunge† sensation that you may expect. (Mowngera Kioga, 2005) This is the nearest experience possible to flying free as a bird n freedom at its most pure and simple. Packages 2 night, 3 days, Diani beach. US $ 1,074, (Kshs. 85,900) Day 1: Transfer from Nairobi to Mombasa Diani Day 2: sky diving day. Day 3: Starting very early in the morning, for the transfer back to Nairobi. Location, Mombasa, Diani Region, Kenya, Africa All prices include:All prices exclude: Flights, IncludedTipping Availability, January, February, March, November, December,Beverages & Mineral Water CURRENT SITUATION AND SWOT ANALYSIS INDUSTRY PATTERNS: Whilst millions of shillings are being pumped into the sports industry especially the extreme sports industry, by companies in the form of sponsorship, most extreme sports remain at amateur levels, bedeviled by problems. This is in sheer contrast to the thriving environment businesses are currently enjoying. Among the most attractive extreme sport is mountain climbing and trekking which is mainly practiced in on Mt. Kenya, Mt. Elgon, the Aberdare Mountains, the Chyulu Hills, Hell's Gate, Mt. Susua, Mt. Longonot, the Menengai Crater in the Rift Valley, Ngong Hills, located south-west of Nairobi, Cherangani Hill, as just a few to mention among others. Extreme sports are a combination of both professional and corporate social sports at the same time. The second most popular extreme sport is Skydiving, which is usually based at a single beach resort and make their way to a local airstrip before falling out the sky at enormous heights. At Diani, skydivers take a short trip to Ukunda airstrip, and ascend in a Kenya Twin Otter, completing the spectacular and exhilarating drive by landing on the doorstep of their chosen accommodation to enjoy a well-earned drink. Throughout the 2002 event, over 120 divers made continual skydives over 2 weeks. Kenya has a weak reputation for extreme sports compared to the other sports, the coastal regions are mainly the scene for these sports mainly because of the huge water bodies (sea), and on the other hand, motor sports tend to recover the reputation through big sporting events like the Kenya Safari Rally, which takes place around Easter. The rally, which starts and finishes in Nairobi, follows a route that covers 4,000 kilometers (2,486 miles). Large crowds follow the event in the rural areas and the cities. During the rally, daily results dominate radio, print, and television news coverage as Kenyans cheer for the local heroes competing against top international drivers. In the sports industry, the rules of play change constantly. Sports organizations must deal with an ever-evolving array of challenges such as risks that can threaten organizations' ability to compete in this dynamic and high-profile marketplace, finding professionals experienced in identifying and solving the unique risk management challenges facing companies and organizations within the sports industry. Some of the major challenges are Designing and negotiating cost- effective, custom-made insurance programs tailored to the needs of your company or organization, Establishing a loss-control program by assessing the risks facing your company or organization and preventing losses before it is too late and designing a claims management program that will help reduce your total cost of risk. The Government says that it will support establishment of extreme sports lottery that will among other issues help fund the welfare of extreme sports people and promote sporting activities in the country. President Kibaki said a committee will soon be formed to manage the lottery to improve extreme sports in the country. â€Å"We want to have institutionalized mechanisms in Kenya that will promote various fields of Extreme sports and improve the welfare of extreme sports people in the country,† the President said. In recognition of the importance of sports, President Kibaki said the Government has initiated measures to strengthen the sports industry in Kenya. He disclosed that the Government has allocated resources in the budget to support sports development programmes. Said President Kibaki: â€Å"My Government has also established the sports stadia management board and set aside funds for maintenance of sports facilities countrywide. † The President said, in addition to these measures, programmes will be intensified for the promotion of extreme sports through identification and training of talented young people from the districts and provinces up to the national level. He observed these sporting activities are essential not only for nurturing good health but also in creating opportunities for individuals and communities to socialize among people â€Å"Thus sport contributes to building a cohesive society that is an essential base for a strong and prosperous nation,† the Head of State said. The President pointed out that sports have become a source of dependable employment for many young people and urged extreme sports people to aspire to excel in their chosen fields in order to benefit from these sports. In terms of market needs, there is legitimate great need for extreme sports entertainment. A growing economy means more people have more money to spend and leisure activities are gaining a premium. The local entertainment industry mostly consists and is almost limited to media. People are willing to spend a lot just to enjoy the pleasures of extreme sports and explore these sports to rise in the sports industry for economic purposes. Some of these sports are professionally practiced around the world and cost quite a lot compared to the local sports but this in turn brings a benefit to the country as a whole, not only financially but economically and socially as well. In terms of promotion and engagement, our emerging culture has a tremendous tie to sports. People will develop a personal identity with a sport; being in such a group fulfills a strong social need. This is a social need that is currently only served by mainstream sports. Club sports tend to disappoint but there is a legitimate social need not being met here. This is because club sports are usually amateur played and do not engage in team building so as to play among people and get to know the sport very well, such an example is golf, which is played individually, so it is up to the player to play it right. COMPETITION AND BUYING PATTERNS Competition is mainly among touring companies, lodges and resorts that associate with different packaging styles and enhance these extreme sports. They help in the practice of these sports such as to get the appropriate locations for the sports. These touring companies have professionals who help in the process of undertaking these sports, where they guide the actual practitioners all through the way. Some of these companies include Africa scope safari and tours located in Nairobi, Extreme Safaris located in Mombasa, Kenya eco lodges, Kenya diving resorts, Mt. Kenya treks, Burguret Chogoria, Wildlife safaris, the ultimate expedition and various others. This leads to a monopolistic competition among the market therefore competition is intense due to many choices and a wide range of variety for customers to make decision upon. These touring companies create a ‘smart’ marketing strategy in order to attract their customers. This is done through affordable and attractive packages and offers that customers look forward to all the time. This is mainly generated during the peak seasons although most recover their costs through high pricing but in an attractive way or package therefore making the competition intense. This allows very little room for new entrants in the market therefore creating barriers to entry. The buying patterns are mostly the youth who are excited to explore these sports in many ways. This is because most of them are fearless of the risks and are energetic therefore allowing them the opportunity to participate in these sports. Even though money is an issue, as most of them are not employed, they still do these sports as they borrow money from other sources. Following the youth are the middle-aged adults who have fear of safety but still some of them dare to challenge themselves. These people are mostly employed but still have concerns about prices due to economic downturn plus some get limited salary just enough to survive. This in turn causes a high pricing pressure on the companies allowing them to target their market. Therefore in summary, the main market here is the market with high income and flexible lifestyle who can afford to enjoy these sports at any time although those with an average income tend to save but this eventually takes a long time before they practice these sports. OTHER PRODUCTS THAT AFFECT OUR BUSINESS PRODUCTS: Other competitor’s products: The extreme sports industry is dormant in the industry currently. Perhaps the biggest reason for that are the backward trends of the society and the cultural backgrounds. Therefore, the idea is to make extreme sports a new and latest fashion in Nairobi in order for the business to succeed. However, the downfall in our competitor’s products allows our business to pick their weaknesses and turn them in to our strengths. SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTHS: a)Excellent staffs that are highly trained and are very customer attentive: Customers are drawn to excellent services since it is the only indicator of the quality of services. Since we are employing highly trained staff who will provide efficient and effective services to our customers; keeping the customers in mind at all times; it is expected that the reputation of our business will grow rapidly as a result of our efficient staff. )Well-equipped ground state of art equipment: This is an indicator of quality of the services we provide. Apart from that it offers a competitive edge for our services. c)The business is able to establish a strong reputation for our services because the business is monopoly in the market. The nature our of the business apparently makes us stand-alone and as a result gain customer loyalty. d)Th e business is a unique idea: We offer our services as a package. This will be convenient to our clients especially those who normally prefer paying at once when booking. )Superior service offering: Extreme sports; sky diving, scuba diving mountaineering, Bungee diving and white water rafting. f)The Internet: Our website www. xtremegravity. com promises to be significant technological solution for our products in the areas of registration, communication and information delivery system. The website has demonstrated the ability to provide more extensive and current information at reduced costs. g)A state-of—the art computer system: utilizing the latest software that continues to enhance our productivity and expand our capacity. There is real time processing where customers requirements are processed as they are received. WEAKNESS a). The business is struggling to build brand loyalty. The business has not yet developed footing with the customer and is still creating market demand for the product. b). Difficulty in finding well skilled workers: -Extreme sports are very fragile and needs highly skilled workers who unfortunately are very difficult to find. c). Lack of knowledge, awareness and information of the new business being offered. Most of our local customers tend to be ignorant in extreme sports and consider it as a ‘sport for others’. We therefore in our promotion strategy focus intensively on creating awareness of this new product. d). Seasonal revenues posses as another weakness. Apart from the locals we are also targeting tourist who actually and factually jet according to the season. We therefore need to adjust in promotions during high and off pick season to maximize our profits. OPPORTUNITIES a). Growing awareness due to the rising awareness in health, fitness and extreme sports and interest too. The government and the world health organization in general have organized campaigns stressing on Importance of physical fitness. This advantage since awareness is being created and indirectly advertising our product. b). Ability of developing long-term customers . Basing on the monopoly nature of our product, there is a great potential of developing long term customers who are very much loyal to our product. c). At the moment very low competition in the market for this product. We have the potential of acquiring the lion’s share of the market. THREATS. a)Seasonal interest in particular sports which is in direct competition with our own sports. Examples of these sports include the marathons e. g. Lewa marathon, the safari rallies e. . KCB and cycling. Most people tend to plan for this programs in their Holiday calendars and this Impacts negatively to our business at these times of the year. b). Lack of knowledge and interest in our product. Extreme sports is not In the mind of most people while others who have information about it tend to behave like they have other better things to handle than go for su ch sports. c)Many fears and safety concerns associated with our product. Due to the risks associated with this sports, some of our expected customers turn away from it and making them o change their minds may not be that easy. )Legal and liability issues. Extreme sports continues to be exposed to liability issues in many aspects in many aspects of the experience it provides . The potential concerns range from health and safety issues to various forms of verbal or physical abuse in an increasingly litigious society, there is always potential for legal actions. MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The business will operate using the common organizational structure. The business operates using the concept of ‘departmentalization’ and in particular the ‘vertical functional’ approach. Since the business is in the preliminary stages, most of the positions besides, the directors are vacant. (Organizational structure, O. E. ) MANAGEMENT TEAM: Since this is a new business being ventured, the management team is constricted to the main departments for this business. As the business expands, we will be able to employ more managers and initiate other secondary departments. Qualifications: A basic Bachelor of Business degree or A bachelor’s degree with any one area of expertise required for that position A professional degree Masters of Bachelor of Administration (MBA) At least 5 years work experience. The vital departments for this business have been addressed and managers are required for the field of: General manager: The general manager will be in charge of the day to day running of the business and will mainly accentuate around the administrative staff and the sundry staff. Extreme sports / Outdoor manager: The extreme sports manager is required and is perhaps the most vital manager for this business since the business mainly comprises of extreme sports and a leader is required for the extreme sports specialists. Cafeteria manager: Since the premises will also consist of a cafeteria, it is necessary to have a manager controlling the daily activities for the cafeteria and reporting to the general manager or even to a director. The manager is also required to observe the needs of the staff. Marketing manager: Another very important section of the business. This is essential because the business requires expertise knowledge on marketing and promotion of the business is to be successful and expand. Therefore, a marketing manager is required. Financial and accounting manager: A financial manager needed to fill the position. Required to maintain the basic book keeping for the business and calculate the daily finances. Work hand in hand with internal auditors. SALARIES AND REMUNERATION FOR MANAGEMENT AND STAFF: Constant for three years: No. Kshs. Directors remuneration p. a22,000,000 Managers salaries5300,000 Staff salaries10250,000 Proffessionals salaries8280,000 2,830,000 FINANCIAL PLAN FINANCIAL OBJECTIVES: The following are the financial goals of the business for a year. ?Achieve revenue growth of 10% per year Increase earnings by 15% annually ?Increase dividends per share by 5% per year ?Increase net profit margins 2% to 4% ?Boost annual returns on invested capital from 15% to 20% ? Stronger bond and credit ratings ?Recognition as a â€Å"blue chip† company ?A more diversified revenue base ?Stable earnings during recessionary periods ?Return on investment (ROI) of 15. 5% ?Solvency ratio of about 30%; ?Dividend distribution of at least 30% of the net profit, unless dictated otherwise by long-term investments and/or acquisitions and/or exceptional circumstances. DIVIDEND POLICY: In recommending the dividend, the directors will consider the following: The availability of distributable profits: Dividends will be given on a basis of the profits that are distributable The availability of liquid funds: In a time of solvency problems, dividend payments will be adjusted accordingly Whether the revenue reserves are adequate or need to be increased by further profits ploughed back into the business A balance between dividend growth and capital growth The liability to advance corporation tax, which arises from the payment of dividend. (Dividend Policy and account, W. M. ) IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS: There are certain factors that are not mentioned and cannot be explored, therefore X-Treme Gravity analyzed, debated and made an assumption based on those factors. These factors are mainly pertaining to the projected financial statement and the start-up plan for the business. The specific assumptions are stated in the calculations for revenue and expenses. For a broad view on the assumption though, these factors were considered: The tax rate of 30% per annum (approximated) The estimated cost of equity The estimated cost of debt i. e. bank loans and debentures The cost of marketing and research The number of expected customers for each year The number of expected customers for each outdoors sport and the extreme sports packages. The fixed cost remains constant for the first three years The fees per person from: The entrance fees, activities and the picnic site remain constant for the three years. The variable costs will increase by 10% each year. START – UP PLAN FOR THE BUSINESS: (Sourced from Finance lecture notes, WACC, F. A. ) Since the business will operate as a limited company, there are various sources of funds and finance for this business. These include: Bank loans Ordinary shares Preference shares Corporate bonds: Debentures Bank loans: These are currently being given at an interest rate of 16. 50%. The business cannot highly depend on its shares for raising its initial investment since it carries a high risk. Therefore, a bank loan will also be used, with an annual interest of 11. 55% after tax. Ordinary shares and preference shares: The business is issuing five million ordinary shares and one million preference shares for the first year. The cost of equity is 13. 50% and 12. 50% respectively. Debentures: The business is also issuing corporate bonds for the purpose of long-term security. The cost of its debt is 9. 0% after tax. SourcesAmount (Kshs)Cost of debt/ equity (%)After-tax cost (%)WeightsWACC (%) Ordinary Shares (@ Kshs 5)25,000,00013. 50%-0. 364. 86 Preference shares (@ Kshs 10)10,000,00012. 50%-0. 141. 75 Bank loan17,500,00016. 50%16. 5(1-0. 3) = 11. 550. 252. 89 Debentures17,500,00014%14(1-0. 3) =9. 800. 252. 45 Total70,000,000111. 95% The estimated tax rate is 30% each year and the required rate of return is 11. 95%. INITIAL START-UP COSTS: (Start-up costs sourced from different businesses) CostKshs. Cost of purchasing land in Karen42,000,000 Cost of construction and renovation7,000,000 Cost of business van / bus1,500,000 Cost of furniture for the lobby and cafeteria1,600,000 Cost of office furniture and equipment1,200,000 Cost of marketing research750,000 Cost of acquiring licenses1,000,000 Cost of outdoor tables and chairs320,000 Cost of activity equipment (W3)13,154,000 Total69,424,000 CALCULATION FOR REVENUE AND EXPENSES: PROJECTED INCOME STATEMENT: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: PROJECTED INCOME STATEMENT: The projected income statement shows that the initial year expenses are very high relative to the revenue. However, the business will still make a profit in the first year. The net profit margin for the first year is 2. 4%, which indicates that for every Kshs. 100 of revenue earned, a profit of 2. 74 is being made on it. The second year projections indicate a sharp increase in the net profits. The net profit margin increases to 17. 23%. This shows that the business will be picking up especially in the second year. In the third year, the net profit margin indicates that, the net profits are increasing at a slow rate but the margin is still very high. MARKET RESEARCH AND SURVEY DESIGN METHODS OF RESEARCH: The business used various methods for research: ?Surveys / questionnaires ?Face-to-face interviews ?Telephone and e-interviews. Market experiments Surveys/ Questionnaires: The business highly depended on the surveys to determine whether the sample market accepted this business. The survey was used to determine several factors that required fieldwork that could not be gathered otherwise. This was the main form of research. Face-to-face interview: These were conducted with the general public as well as several travel agencies such as Twiga tours and Ibis. It was used to determine information such as the form of operation of a travel agent, the costs involved for outsourcing with travel agents and the marketing costs for using travel agents. Telephone and e-interviews: These were conducted with those companies that were too far to travel to. Our competitors ‘out of bounds’ and ‘Kitengela adventures’ were interviewed via telephone due to distance. Similarly, banks, insurance companies, hotels and lodges were interviewed via email due to the timing constraint for these firms. The market experiment: This was conducted for the purpose of the promotional campaign effectiveness. The general public was asked whether they could recall the advertisement for the business, whether they could summon up the slogan for the business and what other details they could evoke. OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY: Before conducting the survey, the business opted to decide the key objectives or goals that the survey was trying to achieve. After viewing the different aspects that required the attention of the market, the questionnaire was designed strategically to cover all these aspects and objectives. The objectives selected are: ?To determine the potential demand for extreme sports as a recreational activity in the market. ?To establish the potential competition for extreme sports, outdoor sports and extreme sports packages in this market. ?To identify the ability and the chances of the business survival in the market. To establish what the general public of this market is looking for in this business. ?The demand for different types of extreme sports. ?The preference for Karen as a location and the opinions of the general public, concerning the location for the business. ?To determine other locations for the business. ?The audience’ opinion on the pricing of the packages and products offered by X-Treme Gravity. ?To determine the target market for the business’s products and packages. ?Analyzing and identifying the key external and economical factors that are barriers to the success of this business. ?The acceptability / viability of the business. SAMPLE SURVEY: (Web surveyor, 2009) X-TREME GRAVITY QUESTIONNAIRE This is a recreational business that is mainly accentuating on extreme sports such as skydiving, bungee jumping, white water rafting, scuba diving, snorkeling, surfing, mountain climbing and trekking, among others. The business is a new and unique idea for leisure in Nairobi City, mainly developed for the purpose of diverting people to healthier ways of enjoying their leisure time. We will be carrying out various extreme sports within our premises (which has been conveniently located). We also extend our services as extreme sports agents. Those activities that cannot be done within the city (e. g. the water sports) will be arranged for in different areas within Kenya. These packages are directed towards anyone and everyone, ranging from school children to adults. (Circle your choice) NB: The 5 – point scales used, range from: Bad (1), Average (2), Good (3), Very Good (4), and Excellent (5). 1)How do you prefer extreme sports? 1 2 3 4 5 2)Are you? Male Female 3)What age bracket would you appear under? a)11 – 20 b)21 – 30 c)31 – 40 d)41 – 50 e)50+ 4)Are you currently? )Employed b)Looking for a job c)Studying d)Retired 5)During your leisure time, you enjoy: a)Doing some sports b)Going on a long vacation c)Watching TV at home and lazing around d)Others 6)If a new extreme sports business develops in the markets, would you: a)Be one of the first to try the sports for this new business b)Wait for a while for the business to settle in to the market and then try it. c)No, I prefer doing my ow n activities at the sports club d)No, it’s not my area of interest. 7)The location of the business would be in Karen. How would you prefer it? 1 2 3 4 5 ) Which district do you live in? ___________________________________ 9)Would you find the location of the business in Karen? a)Convenient b)Out of the way- too far for you to get there c)Appropriate for the type of business (extreme sports) d)Skewed / biased 10) If you had a choice, where would you locate this business? _____________________________________________ 11)Since the business offers extreme sports packages, among the rates included for these packages are: What would you think of these rates? Extreme sports packages: Ranging from Kshs. 30,000 p. p. to Kshs. 90,000 p. p (approximately) 2 3 4 5 12)Approximately how many people do you think will turn up in the first year? a)150 – 300 b)301- 450 c)451 – 550 d)550 + 13)Out of these extreme sports, which would you like the most? a)Sky diving b)Bungee Jumping c)Water sports i. e. Scuba diving, white water rafting, surfing d)Mountain climbing & trekking e)Others 14)The idea of a new extreme sports recreational park would be? a)Exciting b)Unique c)Not realistic d)None of the above 15)According to you, which one of these economic conditions will the biggest factor to affect the market for extreme sports adversely? )Inflation b)Unemployment c)Downturn in economic growth d)Income inequality e)Others 16)From this business, your biggest expectations are: a)Excellent quality of services b)Fun and exciting extreme sports packages c)Reasonable prices for the extreme sports packages d)Other activities besides extreme sports 17)Do you see this business as? a)A new and unique business in the market b)A similar business to a few other competing businesses that already exist c)A small business competing with many small businesses of its own type 18)Out of these factors, which would affect majority of the businesses in Kenya? a)Economic factors i. . re cession / downturn in the economy b)Political or legal factors c)Socio – cultural factors d)Competition 19)To what extent does your chosen factor affect the survival of a new extreme sports business? 1 2 3 4 5 20)What other suggestions or advice would you give for this new extreme sports business? ~END OF SURVEY~ Thank you for your cooperation and time. We assure you that your responses in this questionnaire will be kept highly confidential. RESULTS OF SURVEYS AND DATA COLLLECTED: DATA COLLECTED: A total of 36 surveys out of 50, were successfully completed. INTEREST IN EXTREME SPORTS: Level:No. Of people(%) 1-Bad26% 2-Average38% 3-Good925% 4-Very good1028% 5-Excellent1233% TARGET MARKET Class of people:No. of people(%) Gender: Male2569% Female1131% Age group: 11-201233% 21-301953% 31-4038% 41-5013% 50+13% Occupational status: Employed822% Looking for a job38% Studying2569% Retired00% Lifestyles / Behavior: Innovators1542% Conservatives411% Not interested514% Wait for business to settle1233% LOCATION: Preference for Karen: LevelNo. Of people(%) 1-Bad26% 2-Average925% 3-Good1542% 4-Very good411% 5-Excellent617% The location is: No. Of people(%) Skewed/ biased:411% Convenient:617% Out of the way:1233% Appropriate for the business:1439% DEMAND (IN TERMS OF CUSTOMERS) FOR THE 1ST YEAR: No. Of customers expected in the first yearNo. Of people(%) 150-3001850% 301-450822% 451-550514% 550+514% INTEREST IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXTREME SPORTS: Type of extreme sport:No. Of people(%) Sky diving1028% Bungee jumping822% Water sports822% Mountain climbing1028% ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS ADVERSELY: Economic factors:No. of people(%) Inflation38% Unemployment1131% Economic Recession925% Income inequality1336% CHANGES IN UNEMPLOYMENT AND INCOME INEQUALITY OVER TIME: YearsUnemploymentIncome inequality (%)(HDI) Year 200540%0. 521 Year 200640%0. 532 Year 200740%0. 532 Year 200845%0. 544 Year 200943%0. 541 TYPE OF BUSINESS IN THE MARKET: Type:No. of people(%) Monopoly2569% Oligopoly822% Monopolistic 38% PROJECTED MARKET SHARE FOR THE BUSINESS: Year:No. Of competitorsMarket share Year 2009337% Year 2010526% Year 2011720% Year 2012817% OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS ADVERSELY: Factors:No. of people(%) Economic factors1747% Political-legal factors822% Socio-cultural factors719% Competition411% ANALYSIS OF THE DATA: Figure 1. 2 shows that, 86% of the sample market has a great interest in extreme sports while 14% of the sample market does not. This permitted us to continue further with the business proposal. Figure 1. 3 supplements figure 1. 2. After determining the interest in extreme sports by the sample market, the level of preference was determined. The figure shows that 33% think of extreme sports as ‘excellent’ while 6% think of extreme sports as ‘bad’ due to lack of interest. Figure 1. 4 shows that 42% find the location of the business ‘good’ while 6% find the location of the business ‘bad’. 25% find the location ‘excellent’. The reasons are illustrated below: Figure 1. shows that 39% find the location of the business ‘appropriate for the type of business’ while 33% find the location ‘out of the way’. Hence, this explains why the highest level of preference is ‘3-good’. Figure 1. 6. Indicates that majority of the sample market expect a turn up of ‘150-300’ customers in the first year. Figure 1. 7. Sho ws that Economic factors will affects the business the most. Competition in the market will least affect the business. Figure 1. 8. Shows that income inequality will be the most detrimental factor for the business, followed by unemployment, economic recession and then inflation. Figure 1. 9 shows the demand for various extreme sports. Skydiving and mountain climbing have the highest demand. Bungee jumping and water sports have a lower demand. Figure 2. 1. Indicates that unemployment rate has increased at an increasing rate from 2007 onwards. After 2008, the unemployment rate grows at a decreasing rate. This is a major factor affecting our business. Figure 2. 2 shows that income inequality (measured using HDI) has been on an upward trend since 2005. After 2008, the HDI has gradually decreased and this could be a positive signal for the business. Figure 2. 3. Shows that the projected market share for the business will rise at an increasing rate. This indicates the chances of the business growth and expansion in the market, is high. The expected number of competitors determined the market share over the years, depending on the profits and the return on investment in the business. RE – ASSESSING THE VIABILITY OF THE BUSINESS POSITIVE COMMENTS: ?A new and unique business: Most of our potential clients believed that our business is very interesting, exciting and unique as opposed to other recreational businesses. There is a chance for survival with this business. Location for the on-premises activities: There are several activities that we are offering on location. The location of the business, as mentioned earlier, is in Karen along Karen road. Even though it seems inconvenient to our potential customers, the surveys indicated otherwise. People actually find the location for the business appropriate and acceptable. ?Diversifying: With a business such as extreme sports, that has rarely been explored, the idea is to spread the risk. Therefore, besides offering extreme sports on the premises, we are sports agents, also offering extreme sports packages. Prices for the products are reasonable: Another surprising result of the survey are the prices. Many of the people in the market find the prices reasonable for the nature of the products being offered. NEGATIVE COMMENTS: ?Uncertainty with the location for extreme sports packages: There were a lot of questions that were raised conc