Symbolism in “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” Essay -- Literary Analy

In 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge published his song The Rime of the ancient Mariner. Several editions followed this, the well-nigh notable world the 1815 version, which included a gloss. This poem has grown to become well known and debated, especially concerning the message that Coleridge was attempting to impart. The interpretation of the poem as a whole and of divers(a) characters, settings, and objects has been the subject of numerous essays, papers, books, and lectures. There are approximately four things that are major symbols in this work, along with the possibility that the structure itself is symbolic. In order to opera hat determine what these things symbolize in The Rime, one must look at what Coleridge considered a symbol to be and indeed prove the text accordingly. pile McKusick accomplishes this first task deftly, intertwining Coleridges own musical compositions into his essay and then elucidating upon them so that the reader may understand Coleridges views , which should then influence how the poem is interpreted. In this, own discovers that Coleridge felt that to be a symbol, the object in question must be humble and of everyday life, slice bearing witness to the armorial bearing of the Eternal. The process of creating a symbol was two-fold in that poetic images emerge fully formed from the imagination, but they do not become symbols, pissed with meaning, until they are appropriated and reconstituted by the awareness of a reader (McKusick 223). Thus, the purpose of a symbol was to convey the Eternal. One other important feature of Coleridge is that in creating a symbol, he lots uses nature and its elements, as can be seen in The Rime (Bostetter 242, Perkins 433). Depending on the interpretation of the poem as whole w... ... the poem and possibly implicate that it is similarly the center of the universe as well (Dilworth).Interpretation of a literary work is a good deal difficult to determine, but the author often leave s many out of sight clues to help the reader along. Symbols are one of the primary features used by authors in this endeavor and Coleridge was no different in writing The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Many other symbols besides the four major ones discussed exist, along with other literary characteristics possibly acting as symbols or simply look in exposing the message the author wanted to divulge. Ultimately, the beauty of literature is the fact that each person may perceive it differently and not be incorrect, and by open-minded discussion people may share, create, and impart new pieces of wisdom, spread appreciation, and share the love of Christ as well. Symbolism in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay -- Literary AnalyIn 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge published his poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Several editions followed this, the most notable being the 1815 version, which included a gloss. This poem has grown to become well known and deb ated, especially concerning the message that Coleridge was attempting to impart. The interpretation of the poem as a whole and of various characters, settings, and objects has been the subject of numerous essays, papers, books, and lectures. There are approximately four things that are major symbols in this work, along with the possibility that the structure itself is symbolic. In order to best determine what these things symbolize in The Rime, one must look at what Coleridge considered a symbol to be and then analyze the text accordingly. James McKusick accomplishes this first task deftly, intertwining Coleridges own writings into his essay and then elucidating upon them so that the reader may understand Coleridges views, which should then influence how the poem is interpreted. In this, own discovers that Coleridge felt that to be a symbol, the object in question must be humble and of everyday life, while bearing witness to the presence of the Eternal. The process of creating a symbol was two-fold in that poetic images emerge fully formed from the imagination, but they do not become symbols, laden with meaning, until they are appropriated and reconstituted by the awareness of a reader (McKusick 223). Thus, the purpose of a symbol was to convey the Eternal. One other important feature of Coleridge is that in creating a symbol, he often uses nature and its elements, as can be seen in The Rime (Bostetter 242, Perkins 433). Depending on the interpretation of the poem as whole w... ... the poem and possibly implicate that it is also the center of the universe as well (Dilworth).Interpretation of a literary work is often difficult to determine, but the author often leaves many hidden clues to help the reader along. Symbols are one of the primary features used by authors in this endeavor and Coleridge was no different in writing The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Many other symbols besides the four major ones discussed exist, along with other literary cha racteristics possibly acting as symbols or simply assist in exposing the message the author wanted to divulge. Ultimately, the beauty of literature is the fact that each person may perceive it differently and not be incorrect, and through open-minded discussion people may share, create, and impart new pieces of wisdom, spread appreciation, and share the love of Christ as well.

Swipping IDs can be dangerous :: essays research papers

ABOUT 10,000 people a week go to The Rack, a bar in Boston favored by sports stars, including members of the New England Patriots. One by one, they hand over their drivers licenses to a doorman, who swipes them through a sleek depressed machine. If a license is valid and its holder is over 21, a red light blinks and the patron is waved through.But most of the customers are not cognisant that it also pulls up the name, address, birth date and other personal details from a data strip on the back of the license. Even height, eye semblance and sometimes Social Security number are registered."You swipe the license, and all of a sudden someones whole life as we know it pops up in front of you," said Paul Barclay, the bars owner. "Its almost voyeuristic."Mr. Barclay bought the machine to keep out underage drinkers who use fake IDs. But he soon found that he could build a database of personal information, providing an intimate perspective on his clientele that can be use ful in marketing. "Its not just an ID check," he said. "Its a tool."Now, for any given night or hour, he can break down his clientele by sex, age, ZIP code or other characteristics. If he wanted to, he could find out how many blond women named Karen over 5 feet 2 inches came in over a weekend, or how many of his customers do the middle initial M. More practically, he can build mailing lists based on all that data and keep track of who comes back. Bar codes and other tracking mechanisms have become one of the most powerful forces in automating and analyzing product inventory and sales over the last three decades. Now, in a trend that alarms privacy advocates, the approach is being applied to people through the simple drivers license, carried by more than 90 percent of American adults. Al subscribe toy, about 40 states issue drivers licenses with bar codes or magnetic stripes that carry standardized data, and most of the others plan to issue them within the next few years.Scanners that can read the licenses are slowly proliferating across the country. So far the machines have been most popular with bars and convenience stores, which use them to thwart underage purchasers of alcohol and cigarettes.In response to the terrorist attacks last year, scanners are now also being installed as security devices in airports, hospitals and government buildings.

Beer Industry Marketing Analysis :: Beer Marketing Business Essays

The Beer makes up most of the alcoholic beverage industry, with a 74% volume in 2002 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). The production of beer around the world has increased from 36.85 billions gallons in 2000 to 38.78 billion gallons in 2003 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). Beer production has been a part of society close to the beginning of civilization. A Mesopotamian tablet dating back to 7000 B.C. contains a beer recipe named wine-coloured of the grain (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). In 1292, a Czech Republic town produced its first pilsner beer. A prominent beer brand, Pilsner Urquell, brewing dates back to the early thirteenth century. Beer is produced with a diversity of mashed barley, malt, and rice or corn. U.S. brewers use filtration systems as well as add additives to stabilize the foam and allow long lasting freshness. Bottled or canned beer is or so always pasteurized in the container in prevent the yeast from further fermentation. After 1996, the U.S. beer industry had consisten t growth with about 3,500 brands on the market in 2002 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). The U.S. exported beer to almost one hundred countries worldwide. The beer industry peaked production with 6.2 billion gallons in 2003 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). The U.S. beer industry haws over 300 breweries. However, this industry is dominated by common chord companies Anheuser Bush (45% of the industry), Miller Brewing (23% of the industry), and Adolph Coors (10% of the industry) (Overview of the U.S. Beer Industry, 2005). MARKETS BASIC PRODUCT/SERVICE OFFERINGSThere are several different types of commercial beer, consisting of pilsner, lager, ale, stout, light, low-carb, malt liquor, dry, ice-brewed, bottled, draft, and non-alcoholic. Further, the U.S. market has been divided in to three categories super premium, premium, and touristed-priced (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). In 2002, the U.S. Market Share Reporter stated that light beer consumed 40.1% of the beer market, premium held 25.9% of the market, and popular-priced beer held the remainder. Here is a brief description of the most popular types of commercial beers?Lager a mellow carbonated beer, containing a low alcohol content, with a pale, medium-hop flavor ?Stout a thick, dark beer, almost manage syrup?Porter a sweet, malty flavored brew with a farley high alcohol content ?Malt Liquor a mostly malt based containing high amounts of fermentable sugars?Light a reduced calorie brew made by decreasing the grain amount used when brewing or by adding enzymes to break down the starch content in the beer (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005).

Time Management Essay -- Lifestyle Living

Things that matter most should never be at the mercy of thing that matter least. We let this happen much in any case often. Many of us waste our epoch on things that are neither important nor necessary, instead of using that time for things that are signifi loafert. Time management is not only how to get more out of your time, but really how to become a better person. Time is a very hard thing to manage, because we can neither see it or feel it until it has passed. Before we can manage our time we must know exactly what time is. The dictionary describes it as, the duration of ones bearing the hours and days which a person has at his disposal. How we dispose of that time is time management. Its the way we spend our time to organize and execute around our priorities. Remember hardly because time is intangible doesnt mean that it is not valuable. I want to teach you about the background of time management, the antithetic styles and how to use them, and how it will change your life. background knowledgeTime management today is not as it was in the past. It has grown with time. Stephen R. Covey places time management into four genesiss. He feels it has evolved the same way community has. Each generation grows on the one before it. For example, the agriculture revolution was followed by the industrial revolution, which was then followed by the informational revolution. The first wave or generation is basically notes and checklist. Which really only identifies the demands placed on our time and energy. Calendars and appointment books characterize the second generation. This reflects an attempt to look ahead. The third generation is current time management field. It?s the last two generations with the ideas of prioritization, clarifying values, and comparing the worth of activities. It also includes the idea of making a specific plan to accomplish goals and activities that we unflinching to be of value. Because this all may be too restricting for people they t urn to the previous generations to preserve relationships, and spontaneity. And the last generation, which is just beginning to emerge, is a different type of time management. The challenge is not to manage time, but to manage ourselves. The generation focuses on relationships and results. Time management is forever changing. We each see it in our own way. It has been used since the start of time and will only improve. Just beca... ...nd this style of time management to be the best. It incorporates the best of time management styles and combines them exclusively in a very logical easy to understand manner.How Does It Change Your LifeLearning how to manage your time and successfully applying it to your life will exculpate you. Really, time is the freedom and power we need to better ourselves. Once time management has become a way of life you will find your self-living a more relaxed lifestyle. Your whole life will become less stressful. While some stress is useful, it can help in focusing and increasing power too much stress creates problems. In fact, 70% of medical visits are stress related. Time management may very well improve you health. It may improve your career by helping you to be able to plan the use of your time so that tasks can be completed in incidentally manner, and so time is available for planning, thinking, and reflection. It will indubitably better your social life by giving you more time to spend with loved one. to a fault it will give you more personal time to yourselves. Because we are managing such a precious commodity that is time, the way it effects ourselves is endless and priceless.

Discrimination Against Gay Adoption Essay -- adoption by same-sex coup

Note This paper has a very long Annotated Bibliography.In new years, same-sex relationships have become more encompassing in US society. State legislation is changing such as accepting lively marriages, enforcing anti-discrimination laws, and statutory gay adoptions the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community is becoming public. Gay-headed families, like heterosexuals, are diverse and varying in different forms. Whether a created family is from previous heterosexual relationships, artificial insemination, or adoption, it deserves the same legal rights heterosexual families enjoy. Full adoption rights needs to be legalized in all states to provide a stable family life for children because sexual orientation does not stop parenting skills, children placed with homosexual parents have better well-being than those in foster care, and there are thousands of children waiting for good homes.The argument sexual orientation interferes with ones parenting skills is gross belief that Charlotte J. Patterson identifies as myth in her work, Lesbian and Gay Parents and their Children, suggesting the belief that lesbians and gay mens relationships with sexual partners leave little time for current parentchild interactions. In the Who is Mommy tonight? case study, how 18 lesbian foster parents, 49 lesbian parents who formed their families biologically, and 44 heterosexual adoptive parents experience and perceive their parenting role, how they respond when their children seek them or their partner for particular nurturing, and how the parents negotiate the cultural expectation of a primary caregiver (Ciano-Boyce & Shelley-Sireci, 2002) is looked at. The empirical information found proposes lesbian parent couples were more equ... ...dfThis study examined associations among family type (same-sex vs. opposite-sex parents) family and relationship variables and the psychosocial adjustment, school outcomes, and romantic attractions and behaviors of adolescents. Pa rticipants included 44 12- to 18-year-old adolescents raise by same-sex couples and 44 same-aged adolescents parented by opposite-sex couples, matched on demographic characteristics and drawn from a national sample. Normative analyses indicated that, on measures of psychosocial adjustment and school outcomes, adolescents were functioning well, and their adjustment was not generally associated with family type. Assessments of romantic relationships and sexual behavior were not associated with family type. Regardless of family type, adolescents whose parents described closer relationships with them reported better school adjustment.

Discrimination Against Gay Adoption Essay -- adoption by same-sex coup

Note This paper has a very long Annotated Bibliography.In recent years, same-sex relationships have become more encompassing in US society. State legislation is changing such as accepting gay marriages, enforcing anti-discrimination laws, and legal gay adoptions the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community is becoming public. jolly-headed families, like heterosexuals, are diverse and vary in different forms. Whether a created family is from previous heterosexual relationships, artificial insemination, or adoption, it deserves the same legal rights heterosexual families enjoy. Full adoption rights needs to be legalized in all states to provide a stable family life for children because sexual orientation does not determine parenting skills, children placed with homosexual parents have better well-being than those in foster care, and there are thousands of children waiting for good homes.The argument sexual orientation interferes with ones parenting skills is common belief th at Charlotte J. Patterson identifies as myth in her work, Lesbian and Gay Parents and their Children, suggesting the belief that lesbians and gay mens relationships with sexual fellows leave little time for ongoing parentchild interactions. In the Who is Mommy tonight? representative study, how 18 lesbian adoptive parents, 49 lesbian parents who formed their families biologically, and 44 heterosexual adoptive parents experience and perceive their parenting role, how they respond when their children seek them or their partner for particular nurturing, and how the parents negotiate the cultural expectation of a primary caregiver (Ciano-Boyce & Shelley-Sireci, 2002) is looked at. The empirical data found proposes lesbian parent couples were more equ... ...dfThis study examined associations among family causa (same-sex vs. opposite-sex parents) family and relationship variables and the psychosocial adjustment, school outcomes, and romantic attractions and behaviors of adolescents. P articipants included 44 12- to 18-year-old adolescents parented by same-sex couples and 44 same-aged adolescents parented by opposite-sex couples, matched on demographic characteristics and drawn from a topic sample. Normative analyses indicated that, on measures of psychosocial adjustment and school outcomes, adolescents were functioning well, and their adjustment was not generally associated with family type. Assessments of romantic relationships and sexual behavior were not associated with family type. Regardless of family type, adolescents whose parents described close-set(prenominal) relationships with them reported better school adjustment.

Doctor

In order to keep the moxie dunes at Scrofula/Wanda economically sustainable there are several(prenominal) strategies that had to be done so they wouldnt be destroyed in the near future. Since there were an increasing number of people going to Scrofula to use the sand dunes, the council, state and commonwealth had the act quick to save the sand dunes. The strategies that were used for sand dune management in the Scrofula neighborhood include dune reverberation, polymers covering, passing gameways, and fencing.Dune Reverberation has been used in the Scrofula/Wanda area for the management of sand dunes because it removes weeds and harmful materials which may affect the condition of the sand dunes. By arbitrary noxious and environmental weeds, irrigating the planting areas, planting recommended dune species and installing wind protection fences, removing bitumen and other debris from the dunes and access roads, replacing the fences, the dunes can be reverberated so that they may main in a stable condition for future generations.The second strategy is to install a network of paths and barriers to prevent people from devious the sand dunes. Surfers often check the conditions of the beach by looking over them at the dunes. They run up to the top of them so they can get a view of where there are good waves or not. In summer, an astonishing number of surfers will flock to the beach. The result of those people all running up the dune would cause displacement of the sand and weakening of the dunes.To solve the need for people to travel around the beach, the council has installed walkways to provide a path around the area which doesnt involve people walking or treading on the sand dunes. The dunes have been fenced off in case any people wonder off and dont walk on the pathways. On top of that, board and chain stairs have been put put in to protect the sloped areas of the beach which may be vulnerable to deformation. Finally, polymers has been laid over areas of bare s and to stop sand blowing

Filipinos’ Forgiving Nature Essay

Why many Philippine people argon forgiving? Giving offenders a second chance rather than punishing them is inherently Filipino. lets take for example the apology offered by the Magdalo mutineers which comes as no surprise in light of the Filipinos forgiving nature. Despite the very good equitys we contrive here in the Philippines, we begettert think settlement of it will still be possible. We rarely condemn people, we dear require them to change their ways. Ms. Arroyos granting of amnesty towards the Magdalo mutineers is just one of the issues that shows Filipinos tend to forgvive.We are not very legalistic except on impersonal matters, such as cases involving money or disputes among big corporations that dont have a human face. For example, everyone agrees that we should go after tax evasion. Under the Filipino concept of justice, what is prescribed by law is not necessarily just. We tend to forgive easily when we find something valid in the reasons behind the offense. Thats w hy we have the phrase nadadaan sa magandang usapan. The way we are raised by our families could affect the way we understand and look into the contexts of ones behavior.For example, rather than be rigid over rights or claims, step siblings in the main do not regard with spite but look after each early(a)s welfare even when one is illegitimate. And of course, the prodigal claw is always given a second chance. No wonder why there are many unresolved cases in the Philippines. Some were given clear by the government like the case of the former president Ejercito Estrada. Could it be the governments way to come clean in the eyes of other countries in promoting the tourism industry? To front them that its easy to settle agreements here would attract many investors in the country.Well, if thats the case, many might really take advantage on the situation. And this would just prove that we dont have rigid implementation of the very good laws here in the Philippines. This is as well the reason why some government officials seems relaxed and other foreign countries doesnt give much importance on Filipinos welfare in their land and they just take it easy when it comes to Filipinos. Maybe because they know the fact that we dont experience justice even in our own land, and we are used to it. blessing to those who really experience that kind of treatment.Upon hearing this, I bursted to the cab driver saying ito hirap sating mga Pinoy e, kapag tayo nahuli sa ibang bansa ng drug trafficking death penalty, kapag sila nahuli natin wala pang isang linggo nakalaya na. Theres a big problem with our government or our Filipino blood we are too soft, too forgiving. This is one of the reasons why most of us have no pride and dignity when we are in another soil. I really want to thank Manny Pacquiao for giving the Filipinos some pride. How should other country value our laws when we Filipinos dont put much attention to these and some just dont take it seriously?When we are in t heir country we are treat like rats but when they are in our country they are treated like kings. I dont know whats wrong. If a Filipino guy will enter a building in his own country the security guard will look for an ID with intense body hunting but if they will see that the guest is a foreigner, Filipinos will happily greet them without checking their bags not even thinking that they could be the terrorist that will kill them. I have nothing against to any foreigners but I got beef with my own blood. If this will continue, probably we will become slaves in our own country.

My Own Exprerience in English Language

Second expression is known as the language that we learn after our mother tongue. It is the secondary option of the individual. People learn second language for multiple purposes to communicate with people of different ethnic, to get job, to feel easy to live in strange country or environment, to learn foreign last and lifestyle etc. As it is very important to know or treat the language of the place where we live. However, my second language English is the nigh the most difficult to learn in a short period of time.The learning second language is much interesting and challenging, and also make more work through if we have good group discussion and have words with the teacher about own experience and problems. I moved to an environment that was totally different from the unmatchable I came from. I k sassy that this would be my biggest hurdle I would have to overcome. I sat in back of the class room and felt shy to speak with friends and teacher because I cant frame a good senten ce to express my problem.But teacher help me in each and all(prenominal) step of my problems that I faced. In middle of the semester, I understand more English and I started asking question regarding my problems to my teacher the problems were solve in fade and effective trend and I handle easily. I came to know while I learn English everything entrust be possible and easy if we preclude on working with full of interest. In my experience one of the best ways to learning is writing in blog and read loudly.I am not really good writer and reader because I speak and think in Nepali. When I have a problem I talk and discuss with friends and teacher to know the correct answer and when I know the answer I keep on working on it for my experience in future. In addition, Group discussion became good source to learn lots of different idea to express the thought. I am very much real if we give full concentration with interest on it we can definitely, learn lots of style and become a good writer and speaker.However, the teacher elect the topic was so interesting and funny. The topic was to express my own experience and opinion towards the environment where I had grown up. It was more interesting to write in Nepali but it was so hard to express the feeling in English. I work in listening text and write down the vocabulary word which I heard in every single day. I believed that, the way of learning English language just to write and read loud. The way I make my language better is just keep on practicing lots.I realize that I am the one decide how my language will turn out in the future. The doors finally opened for me, but it took effort. Life was complicated during the transition stage when I was learning to accustom myself to a new language. Moreover, my classes were challenging in various fields like group discussions, homework, listening and writing. I studied online, extra time out of college, and finally I am feeling easy to interact with different American Peop le, learn their culture and life styles.

Communist victory in the Second Indochina War Essay

When assessing the importance of the Viet Cong (VC) in the commie victory, one cannot look past the unity, discipline and effective organisation in the vanguard of the VC forces. The Viet Cong were made up of bid service of processmen who traveled to South Vietnam as Autumn Cadres ready to turn the coming political harvest. The central purpose of the Viet Cong campaigns was to polarise the population, to divide it irrevocably from the GVN, and to mobilise it for service and sacrifice in funding of the Revolution. The importance of the Viet Cong lies in their contribution to the Indochina conflict, and can be assessed through a social, political and armament context.The fiber of the VC in a sociopolitical context is of a epochal importance in the Communist victory in the Second Indochina state of war. The VC forces were most numerous in rural South Vietnam, specially in Strategic Hamlet-run villages. Once the VC established a strong presence in an area, they attempted to sea l off the local population both physically and psychologically from any further contact with the Government of South Vietnam (GVN).They were let onicularly intent on denying the government all intelligence on Communist deal movements, bivouac sites, supply cachs, and information relating to those who serve in their local military and political infrastructures. To inhibit intelligence penetration and collection in Communist-controlled or oppose areas, the VC not only systematically identified and neutralized anyone suspected of being a GVN spy or informant, but they also imposed and enforced real stringent regulations governing travel within the villages and hamlets and proscribing all unauthorized contact with GVN persons.The indoctrination performed by the VC didnt limit the villagers hatred to just to GVN intelligence personnel indeed, all repressing activity was cloaked in highly emotional propaganda designed to aro role the pile to a deep hatred of, a desire for revenge an d to wax their concept of revenge against the military and civilian officials serving the government. For example, in guidelines for a propaganda campaign in the Ben Tre Province for the period October 1968 to March 1969, the VC directed cadres to make the community feel a profound hatred of the enemys savage crimes and incitethem to avenge their compatriots and kinfolk by enthusiastically and actively taking part in combat activities to heroically annihilate the enemy and achieve great merits. The indoctrination performed by the VC allowed them to gain mass suffer from the villagers, taking it away from the controversial GVN. This support allowed the VC to form networks across the province, which, militarily, facilitated the late offensives by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) during the final stages of the war.The role of the VC in a military context is of a significant importance in the Communist victory in the Second Indochina War. The Communist Field Commander for China during the Second Indochina War, Lin Piao, stated that, In order to get on a peoples war, it is imperative to build the broadest possible united motility and formulate a series of policies which will ensure the fullest mobilisation of the basic masses as well as the unity of all the forces that can be unified Although the VC were a persistent and ingenious force, further assessment identifies that a war of abrasion was not going to win them the war. General for The NVA, General Vo Nguyen Giap, stated that, the way to win the war is by small defeats, one after the other until the coup de grace.Viet Cong strategy differed from other communistic nations in that military activity prepared the way for a political showdown, rather than political activity preparing the way for a military showdown.Having defined the goal of the struggle in the South as a political rather than a military victory, the Viet VC at first sought-after(a) to make credible the inability of the Saigon government to a dminister. In response to a growing American presence, they increased their military activity in order to exploit contradictions in the American position. The VC revolutionaries took full advantage of the contradictions and tailored their military activities to exploit these perceived weaknesses by making the war so long, bloody and expensive that American opinion would turn against it.These activities intended to damage psychologically the U.S. commitment to the war, thus generating a negative cost-benefit analysis among American political leaders and thereby producing a victory more like that obtained by the Viet Minh in 1954. The essence of the VC strategy was not to defeat the U.S. and allied forces militarily but to convince the Americans through the use of violence,both persuasively and at selected points, that their position is hopeless.This stratagem was evident in the Tet Offensive of 1968. The initial goal of Tet was to destroy the morale of the United States and GVN by pr oving that the communist threat did not only exist in the countryside, but in urban areas also. The VC forces attacked the US embassy in Saigon, surprising the Americans and forcing them into a conventional war. This proved pricy for the Viet Cong as there were serious casualties and loss of manpower one third (38,000) of the VC armed combat force were either killed or wounded.Due to the loss of numbers, the North Vietnamese had to infiltrate the ranks of the Viet Cong. Moreover, the VC lost local knowledge of the South Vietnamese terrain, which inhibited the abilities of the new forces from the North. Paradoxically, although the U.S. saw Tet as a military victory, the American home front did not. Television effectively brought the brutality of the war into the comfort of the living room. Vietnam was lost in the living rooms of America not on the battlefields of Vietnam (Marshall McLuhan).Following the Tet Offensive, support for President Johnson dropped to 26 percent, resulting in his withdrawal from the Presidential race. Nixon was elected on a promise to end Americas involvement in Vietnam. Politically, the Tet Offensive is considered a Communist victory. Although they lost, the military contribution of the VC during Tet effectively led to the U.S. withdrawal in 1973, allowing the NVA to initiate the North Vietnamese Offensive in 1975, causing South Vietnam to surrender unconditionally.The role of the VC in a political context is of a considerable importance in the Communist victory in the Second Indochina War. Being influenced by principally China and Russia, members of the VC learned the power of propaganda and in doing so became skilled at manipulating people by symbols, and in general they acquired a view of the world in which politics is the driving and dominant force.Historian Ithiel de Sola Pool states, the elements of the Viet Cong that will remain effective the longest after the main forces have been increasingly battered in combat will be those cadres who have built a political base in their own villages, including of course military cadres who will try to font back into the main force. Further research showsthat it is these cadres that are the political force in the populated areas and who can be partially won over in any politically stable settlement. They are the most politically significant and the most responsive to citizens needs and problems. Without giving and receiving political support from the South Vietnamese population, North Vietnam was not going to win the war.As stated before, the goal of the struggle in the South was a political rather than a military victory and this became the primary doctrine for the Communists throughout the war. The numerous guerilla incidents throughout the war had no purpose but to serve the Communist political movement. The desolation inflicted upon Vietnam by the U.S. gave the VC a political advantage in that they won the support of the South Vietnamese peasantry. The political struggle movement allowed the South Vietnamese people to contribute to the war, emphasizing that the politics within the VC are highly significant when assessing the Communist victory in the Second Indochina War.The complex facets of the Viet Cong forces prove that they were essentially distinguished in the Communist victory in the Second Indochina War. The Viet Cong effectively established their role in the revolution, providing support to the North as well as fighting in foreign territory. In contrast to such heterogeneous and disorganised elements of the GVN, the Viet Cong had at its disposal a government which dated back to 1945, a artificial lake of manpower which had been unified by years of war and Communist Party discipline, and a network of agents which it had established during the war years in the cities and villages of the south. It is for these reasons that the Viet Cong were important in the Communist victory in the Second Indochina War.BibliographyPrimary SourcesCha lmers, J. The Third Generation of Guerilla Warfare, Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 6. (Jun., 1968), pp. 435-447.de Sola Pool, I. Political Alternatives to the Viet Cong. Asian Survey, Vol. 7, No. 8, Vietnam A Symposium. (Aug., 1967), pp. 555-566.Doc. lumber No. 11-1020-68 (Confidential), dated January 15, 1969, quoted in Le,Thanh Nam (1996). Control and Polarization of the Populace, 25th Aviation Battalion (online). Available at http//25thaviation.org/history/id926.htm (Accessed 21 July, 2006)Lin Piao, Long Live the Peoples War (Peking Foreign Languages Press, 1965), pp. 44, quoted in Chalmers, J. The Third Generation of Guerilla Warfare, Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 6. (Jun., 1968), pp. 435-447.

Citibank Credit Card in Asia Pacific

Launching the Credit loosen in Asia Pacific Ankit Bhardwaj Apaar Malik Neha Sharma Shashwat Bhanti Sidharth Shah Introduction ? ? ? ? ? ? Citibank, a major international bank, is the consumer banking arm of financial work giant Citigroup. Citibank was founded in 1812 as the City depose of New York, later First National City Bank of New York. Citibank has retail banking operations in more than 100 countries and territories around the world.Founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, ownership and management of the bank was follown over by Moses Taylor, a protege of John Jacob Astor and one of the giants of the business world in the 19th century. In the 1960s the bank entered into the credit carte business The card, known as The E rattlingthing add-in, was promoted as a kind of East Coast version of the Bank the Statesrd. ?Products ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CitiOne Account Mortgage Power Citibank Auto Loan Citibank Ready Credit CitiGold helping Citi Phone Banking ATM Business Bankin g Citibank NRI Business International Personal BankingCitibanks presence Africa Europe core East exchange America South America North America Asia Citibanks Net Income till 2008 Citibanks Assets/Liabilities ratio *The company is financially strong Case Introduction Credit Card mathematical operation Years in which Citibank entered countries. Population statistics Economic statistics Managers Opinion. ? Credit Card Functioning Card holder makes purchase at merchant merchant submits transaction to merchant bank or acquiring company Cardholder ($100) Merchant ($100) Merchant Bank or Acquiring Company ($97)Credit issuer bills card holder for total of Transactions made in month ($100) Card holder makes full or partial payment to the card issuer (minimum to $100) Merchant bank or acquiring company reimburses merchant less merchant service charge Interchange network reimburses merchant Bank for amount of Transaction less replace honorarium($98. 50) Merchant bank or acquiring company submits transactions to interchange network ($100) Credit Card Issuer $98. 50 ($100) Interchange Network ? Years of Citi Banks Entry in Asian Countries Hong Kong (1902) Taiwan (1964) Australia (1965) The Philippines (1902) Guam (1969) Singapore (1902)India (1902) Malaysia (1904) Indonesia (1918) Thailand (1967) Korea (1967) Population Statistics 797 300 800 300 250 200 167. 7 150 Population(In Millions) Urban Population(In Millions) 100 69 50 16. 514 0 5. 6 5 42 31 16. 9 6 2. 7 3 19. 8 14 11 61. 9 55 Countries Economy 12 11 9. 7 9. 8 8. 7 8 8 7. 6 7. 37. 4 6. 8 6 4. 8 4 4 3. 8 Growth Rate(In percentage) Inflation(In percentage) 8. 1 7. 3 10. 8 10 2 2 1. 5 1. 2 0 Managers Opinions Bob Thornton(Country Manager- Indonesia) - story of poor consumer payment on installment debt. - extravagantly levels of fraud in the financial sector. Legal infrastructure in inadequate. - Small market for card intersection but a potentially large population of 180 mio. ? Dave Smith(Country Manager- Sin gapore) - Small 2 mio population. - Saturated card market with American Express. - Late entry whitethorn result in losing money. ? Jaitirth Rao(Country Manager- India) - Very large country with poor infrastructure. - Its a dog and delay it. ? ? Jeannine Farhi(Recently moved from USA to Asia) - Poor implementation may lead to huge losses. - Asian countries suffering from inefficient postal services. Launching the CardMarket Entry Cost Card Business Operation economic science Customer Acquisition Success Probability Dollar Vs Local Currency Central Data Processing Focus on quick Business broadcast Mail Infrastructure Problem Market Entry Cost Green Field Market Development Direct Mail Take-Ones Direct Sales business leader accommodate-Ins Market Acquisition Facilitates quick entry into market. Easily leverage existing Operations infrastructure and Human Resources in order to consolidate the market share. Choosing of honest bank very critical. Very critical to manage the acquire d organizations workforce to match up Citi banks standards.Very difficult to despoil in case of calamity. Cost implications in trainings. Card Business Operation Economics Setting a proper business connecter Fee. ? Setting a proper business yearly Fee. ? Right price to be set for Citi Banks credit card. ? Options to maintain a balance between Joining Fee and Annual Fee. ? Customer Acquisition Success Probability Prospects Reached 300000 2000000 30000 3000000 5330000 Response Number of Qualified Rate(%) RespondantsRespondants Respondants 2 1. 5 50 1 6000 30000 15000 30000 81000 4000 ten thousand 10000 10000 34000 Card Holders 3200 8000 8000 8000 27200Channels Direct Mail Unit Cost($) 1. 5 Take Ones 0. 25 Direct Sales 18000/Sales force person Bind Ins Total 0. 15 Only 0. 51% of success rate Dollar Vs Local Currency Advantages of Dollar as currency ? Disadvantages of Dollar Dollar would fix against the local anaesthetic currency due to its global usage. ? Extra charges for currenc y conversion. ? Fluctuation of exchange rate each day will hurt customers free expenditure. ? It is a global currency which is accepted everywhere. ? It is easily convertible at any bank. ? Paying in Dollars is treated by some people as a status symbol. Existing systems using Dollar as base currency and replication will not be difficult in other countries. Central data Processing Would s unkept down system response. ? System developers will be cut off from local markets. ? Local resources could be upgraded instead of expending on a new Centralized System. ? Focus on existing business Managers Advice in Asia pacific Focus on Existing Business Since want of talent pool available in the region Lack of Infrastructure to support such IT enabled product. Direct Mail Infrastructure Problem Postal service is the obedient sense for Card delivery. Postal Services in Asia Pacific experience not satisfactory. ? Poor Logistics will only lead to dissatisfied customers. ? Business Problems ? C itibank wondered whether they could evolve a mass-market positioning to acquire enough credit card customers and still maintain its upmarket positioning with the current upscale branch banking customers Pricing the card too low would conflict with Citibanks stated positioning however pricing it too high might mean low customer bridal Citibanks management were concerned that consumers attitudes and credit card usage patterns differed by country ? Country Profiles Australia Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ? warm pecuniary backbone to dump a new product. flunk ? Hold of Local Banks is very high. ?Australia is a saturated market Opportunity ? Western establish developed economy ? AMEX and Diners club reputation is low ? High usage of credit card for travel and entertainment. Threat ? Hold of Local Banks is very high. ?Australia is a saturated market ? Lucrative offers already in market Hong Kong Strengths ? Citibank considered a s a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? Hold of Local Banks is very high. ?Hong Kong is a saturated market Opportunity ? AMEX and Diners club reputation is low ? Rapid Industrialization. ?High annual average income. ?Active use of credit card Threat ? Hold of Local Banks is very high. ?Lucrative offers already in market. ?Hong Kong is a saturated market India Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ?Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? 80% Population is in rural areas. ?Card acceptation is low. political corruption is high. ?Privatization not encouraged in 1980s. Opportunity ? Card considered as a reputable owning. ?Higher income group will aspire. ?Credit Card penetration low. Threat ? Joining Fee and Annual fee low for local banks. ?Diners club and AMEX already present with some market share. Indonesia Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ?Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? Large National Debts. ?Political corruption. ?Banking Fraud already prevalent in country. ?Per Capita income is only $500.Opportunity ? Card considered as a prestigious owning. Threat ? 3 Banks already eating up the market chunk. Malaysia Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ?Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? Politically unstable. ?Largely a rural country. ?Malaysian law very stringent towards credit card ownership. Opportunity ? culturally acceptable to revolving credit. ?Large successful business population. ?Bank acquisition not very difficult. Threat ? AMEX with some handsome market share. ?AMEX already having a superior customer image. Foreign banks only were allowed 3 banks in Malaysia. Taiwan Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ?Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? No infrastructure for new products. ?Culturally not acceptable to people to owe money. ?before 1989, laws dependant credit card business Opportunity ? Deregulation of credit allowed recently. Threat ? 50% market share with AMEX. ?It was mostly cash oriented society. Singapore Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ?Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product.Weakness ? Minimum age requirements and income requirements. Opportunity ? Worlds largest pith for trading and services. ?High standard of living of people. ?Hold of Local banks very low. ?Card usage high in the country. Threat ? International banks having a good hold in the market. Philippines Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ?Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? Political corruption. ?People awareness is very low. ?Only local currency and tra nsactions to be adhered with. Opportunity ? Credit Card market is under development. Customer acceptance toward revolving credit. Threat ? AMEX having handsome market share. ?AMEX already having a superior customer image. ?Foreign banks only were allowed 3 banks in Philippines. Thailand Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. ?Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? No infrastructure for new products. Opportunity ? High consumer affluence and spending. ?Not many Credit Card company working. Threat ? 50% market share with AMEX & Diners club. Korea Strengths ? Citibank considered as a Global Bank. ?Citibank making profits worldwide. Strong Financial backbone to launch a new product. Weakness ? No infrastructure for new products. ?Strict government regulations regarding Revolving credit. ?Only local currency card can be issued. Opportunity ? Growth in the existing Diners club market already existing in Korea. Threat ? Existing companies experiencing huge financial losses and labor problems. Positioning the Card Positioning the Citi Silver ? Positioning the Citi Gold Target market to be Upper Middle and High income population. ? Premium features with attractive offers on Air Travel and Shopping available with a high credit limit. A separate relationship managing director to tackle customer issues. ? Target market to be Lower and Middle income population. ? Standard features of shopping and a lower credit limit. ? Customer care to take care of customer issues. Customer Acquisition Cost Infra, S/W Development, Cost/Card of mailing, Total Cost incurred correspondence, in acquiring 1 mio advertisement Cust Support, Merchant Cost/ Customers Costs/Country Liaison Total Cost customer direct cost customers 250000 250000 250000 250000 1600000 35000000 12000000 12000000 12000000 36600000 12000000 12000000 12000000 72600000 146. 48 48 48 72. 6 6000000 78600000 Income from Card Holders Citi Silver Card % cu stomers 70% Citi Gold Card 30% 32 9600000 40 12000000 33000000 60100000 27100000 Joining fee 25 Total Joining fee 17500000 Annual fee 30 Total annual fee 21000000 Grand total Break Even No. of Years Total Cost -Total Income = No. of long time for Break Even 78600000 -60100000 = 1. 3 years ? For reaching the break even it will take approx 1. 3 years for any country.Recommendations Countries to ENTER ? Singapore ? Malaysia ? Philippines ? Thailand ? Hong Kong ? Australia Countries non TO ENTER ? India ? Indonesia ? Taiwan ? Korea Recommendations Citibank should focus on Acquisition of a local Bank. ? There should be very minimal or low joining fee and a moderate Annual fee charged. ? The Bank should keep local currency as the currency of exchange. ? There should be a central as well as a local data processing system. ?

Growing Up In The 1990s Vs Growing Up In The 2010s Essay

Throughout history every generation has been different from the next, and every child is raised knowing the media and social word senses of their own generation. devil generations that ar very close to each other but are very different are the 1990s and the 2010s. The 1990s was revolutionary for its rise in multiculturalism, and also started to introduce technology in the forms of cable TV, internet, and videogames. The 2010s continues this rise in technology and multiculturalism, and has also become a decade of reality TV, online shopping, cell phones, tablets, and to a greater extent inappropriate movies and music. round comparable aspects of both generations include technology, TV shows, and music. In my opinion the 90s comes out on top as a better time to suffer up in.The technology of the 90s was practically more simpler and not as relied upon as in the 2010s. Cell phones were introduced in the 90s and were very big and clunky, only a few percent of people used them so yo u wouldnt see people glue to their phones all day. The realism Wide Web had only skillful been invented and was a huge curiosity to the people discovering it. People of all ages in the 90s use to walk to stores and by a new CD to play on their walkmans, and digital cameras were just becoming commercially available. As for video games, the tiptop Nintendo Entertainment system (1990), Gameboy (1990), Nintendo 64 (1996), Playstation (1994), Sega Saturn (1994), and the Sega Dreamcast (1999), all of which had innovative, creative, educational, and fun games to play. technology was more of a casual fun thing, and not a dominant force, so electric s bafflers vie outside a lot more as well. On the other hand, the 2010s also had a huge leap in technological advances.In 2012 Google plate became the worlds top web browser, the tablet was invented, everyone has a cell phone (and kids are given them at overly young an age), YouTube became very popular, and FaceBook and chitter rule soci al media. While some of this technology is a huge achievement, it is used in mainly the wrong steerings. Parents give their children tablets and cell phones at as well young of an age, too substitute a babysitter, and this ends up being the only thing the kid does. Social media sites have led to many suicides because of cyber intimidation, and is filled with drama, which is why I believe FaceBook should have an age limit. If it had an age limit then it would onlybe adults on it, and they would use it to find long lost friends, and cyber bullying would go down a lot. As for video games, 2010s released the Wii, Xbox 360, Ps3, Nintendo Dsi/Dsi xl, Nintendo 3ds/3ds xl/ 2ds, Wii U, Xbox One, Ps4, and also customizable gaming pcs have become very popular.Although all of these systems are great and have many fun games, yet the gaming consoles have become filled with too many FPS games (First-person shooters), and I mean way too many to the point that games are focusing more on graphics a nd less on innovation and fun. M rated games (M for mature) are being bought by childrens parents and given to the child as a gift. Now I never realize any big issues by M rated games, and know that the violence is just in the game and doesnt need to happen in real life. However when these games are given to young kids, it will affect their minds as they grow and are glued to mature rated videogames all day. The 1990s and 2010s technology have both taken huge leaps, but it appears to me that the 1990s was more casual fun, and there was no cyber bullying.The 1990s TV shows were more family friendly orientated and did not consist of thousands of reality shows. Sit-coms such as Seinfeld, Friends, Full House, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Everybody Loves Raymond, and Boy Meets World were mainly family friendly although some may have contained some slight sexual innuendo. TV commercials were much better, as there wasnt as much insulting of your intellect, really bad comedy, and sex in th em during the 1990s. Nickelodeon and other such cartoon networks were very popular for kids and they did not act handle you were stupid. Some memorable cartoon and kid shows from the 90s include Rug rats, Double Dare, GUTS, Pokmon, Powerpuff Girls, Dragon Ball Z, Power Rangers, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Batman the Animated Show, master Planet & The Planeteers, Ren and Stimpy, and Sailor Moon. However, 2010s TV shows have been corrupted by fake drama reality TV, sex, over violence, and drugs. Even while watching commercials you come crosswise sexual innuendos, tampon commercials, and condom commercials.If I was still a little kid and this stuff was appearing on my TV I would be postulation my parents some questions, and It would probably feel quite awkward seeing stuff corresponding that on TV at such a young age. Cartoons and kid shows such as Pokmon, Hannah Montana, Phineas and Ferb, Teen Titans Go, can still be entertaining, but they have truly toned down thevocabulary, li fe lessons, and humour which makes for an experience that feels like your being treated as if you were an infant. Anime has become extremely popular in the 2010s, and for hot reason. Anime holds on to things from old cartoons such as good vocabulary, humour, life lessons, emotional experiences, intense battles, and good voice acting. Sadly most anime has been taken off TV around America and Canada and the only way to watch it is to find it online or buy them at stores.Music in the 1990s consisted of a large variety, the most popular being Grunge, teen-pop, Hip-Hop, Rap (nothing like todays rap), alternative rock, punk rock, Rock and Roll, trance, and techno. People had theyre on musical taste and did not just try and fit in with the medias favorites. Conversely, if you look at the music of the 2010s, they still have a big variety but there are some obvious leaders of the pack. Rap, Pop, Electronic music, and Hip-Hop lead the top most popular genres of music of the 2010s. The rap, h ip-hop, and pop music is nothing like it use to be, it now is mainly cerebrate on sex, money, gangsters, drugs, getting drunk, and pleasure in any form. Me, as a seventeen year old boy, is still surprised on how fast the acceptance of music like this has reached the media, and I feel that it truly is not good for the minds of the youth growing up in this age, while the 1990s still did have some of these flaws, but it was much less.Through discussing technology, TV shows, and music of the 1990s and 2010s, I can safely say that even though I was only born in 1996, the 90s had less bullies, was more family friendly, and was generally more fun than it would be, being born in the 2010s. However each generation has their own positives and negatives, and not one could ever be perfect. The important thing is to make the best of it, and to not be afraid of being yourself.

Aquinas †Wealth and Power Essay

In Question II, Thomas doubting Thomas breaks down the complex question of where or in what mans ecstasy consists, mainly by emphasizing richesinessiness and authority. While people woolgather of obtaining both wealth and violence in their life, Aquinas emphasizes that both atomic number 18 neither good nor bad, and both sustain up a means to an end. Aquinas argues that happiness does not consist in wealth or authority, yet presents another lean where he states that happiness foot, indeed, be associated with wealth and origin.Aquinas begins his second question and first article by pondering the question of whether happiness consists in wealth. He breaks down the two types of wealth into artificial and natural. He describes natural wealth as something that relieves mans natural needs, such as food, drink, clothing, travel, shelter and so on. In other words, natural wealth fulfills the needs of humans to live and cannot be mans ultimate end. On the other hand, artificial wealth is sought still for the sake of natural wealth. Augustine argues that a man would behave no artificial wealth unless he had natural wealth to begin with. With natural wealth, there is a finite amount of objects nonpareil needs in order to survive. For example, a person doesnt not need to buy some(prenominal) large pizzas to satisfy their hunger, just a few slices to get some food in their project and go on with their day. On the other hand, artificial wealth revolves around objects for which people have aeonian desires for, such as money.There are some people in society who feel that the only thing that matters in life is the amount of money you can earn before you die, just a dollar sign. However, money cannot buy happiness, wisdom, strong relationships, or virtue. Augustine backs up this point by quoting Proverbs 1716 What does it avail a fool to have riches, seeing he cannot buy wisdom? Aquinas takes into answer for the arguments that say that happiness can, in fact , consist of riches by offering examples such as any things obey money (Ecclesiastes 1019). Although he covers both possible sides, he offers his own stance on the question in his response where he covers the differences between artificial and natural wealth.In Aquinas ordinal article, he discusses the question of whether happiness consists in power. He argues that it is impossible to have happiness in power for two reasons. The first is that power has the nature of a principle, whereas happiness has the nature of an ultimate end, emphasizing that power is a means to an end. Second, he states that power is both good and evil and happiness is the proper and staring(a) good of man. Although the hook for a popular song, the quote no one man should have all told that power uniquely resonates in Aquinas argument against happiness consisting of power. People may believe that if they have a greater sense of power, then they feel more important and happier. The more powerful individual grows, the greater their fear grows of losing the very power they obsess over.A classic example from history is Joseph Stalins command over Russia. He was given so much power on behalf of the communist USSR that he let his sense of power overcome him. When he had caught word that there was someone planning a revolution in his cabinet, he had every single one of his high commanding officers killed. Very simply, power makes people do very abnormal things to remain in their high position. However, Aquinas argues that power cant solve every problem in a persons life. To quote Og Mandino, alone the gold in the world cannot buy a dying man one more pinch so what does that make today worth? This quote accurately depicts that no matter how much power and wealth someone has, it all means nothing when you are facing death. Although one may count highly satisfied with the power he possess, it is easily revocable and those with power fear they will support it.Aquinas presents that questions of whether happiness consists of wealth and power and presents firm arguments against each. Although he may find faults with each idea, especially the warnings of the abundant use of wealth and power, his idea still remains that both wealth and power are neither good nor bad things. For example, if a man is making enough money to feed his family and make a living for himself, that is a fine example of using wealth for good. However, Aquinas reminds us of the arguments against having wealth and power makes up a persons overall happiness. Using both of these values for happiness is simply a means to an end, Thomas Aquinas emphasizes that these things do not lead to everlasting happiness, an argument that I agree with.

The Importance Of Business In Australia Commerce Essay

Business is the back bone of the Australian sparing dust in that respect ar s incessantlyal things that fretfulnesss do that argon of critical importance to Australia as a state. Business supports the preparement and usage of engineering by get new equipment which provides companies like Apple or Mac with gross to pay for employees that research and develop, every turning good as the necessary machinery and equipment to develop modern engineerings. Businesss also grapple the merchandise which grants lymph nodes to utilize newer engineering, if shops like Dick Smith s did nt sell IPods or Iphones clients would nt be able to obtain those points. Businesses besides provide Australians with employment , without associates most Australians would nt do whatsoever money, and non be able to supply for their households. Businesses besides feed the Australian economic arrangement through receipts enhancements that they lay down to pay to the authorities, every sec good as the investings these concerns, a concern creates money which goes near a community but they besides buy and sell merchandises which all support communities.Internal Influence and rival on Australian BusinessAn privileged influence is an influence that is made by the concern itself, they relate to factors in spite of appearance the concern that will jounce its operation. All these influences impact in different ways and because they are brought on by the go with it direction that they may be able to halt the influence if it is damaging to the concern. separately different influence has different impacts and the influences are Product, Location, Management, Resource Management, and Business Culture.MerchandiseThe internal influence of merchandise is the existent goods or services produce by a concern or company, these goods or services mold umteen factors for a concern, if the size of the merchandise is reasonably big so the company will gather up more infinite to be able to hive away the merchandise therefore increasing the tangible size of the concern. The merchandise will reflect the concern, the bigger assortment or scope of merchandises produced the bigger impact the merchandise will do. If the concern buys or produces more than it sells the lowest income border will diminish, if the merchandise is non meet to the concerns clients the concern will endure. I.e. Harvey Norman bought/produced several thousand computers/laptops ECT. They did nt sell and so Harvey Norman s net income border decreased.LocationHas been said to be the most of import of all internal influences, there is a bare(a) equation Prime Location is= Customer Convenience + Visibility. There are several separate factors of localisation Cost, Visibility, Proximity to clients every bit good as providers and support services. So fundamentally if it s non smooth and efficient for clients to give way to a concern that concern will non acquire many clients, view gutter b esides do a concern because if a concern is positioned in a great location i.e. near the ground tackle of a shopping Centre, they would bring away more clients.Resource InfluenceThere are foursome chief resources available to concern human, employees of a concern, Information, Market research the cognition needed to run the concern, Physical, equipment/machinery/ lovesome stuff and Financial, financess the company uses to pay revenue enhancements or other debts. Without proper resource direction a company would neglect i.e. When Vodafone or the Commonwealth bank faced a machinery bug they lost capital.ManagementIn young times repayable to engineering and the current planetary fiscal issues have been flattening this means that the degrees of direction have been reduced, these concern have more control over their concern. There are nevertheless some mistakes for illustration, because there are fewer mangers/employees this means that those directors have more control and if one of these directors make a flaw it has a greater impact.Business CultureThe values, thoughts, beliefs and outlooks of a concern, these shadow be through governmental policy or but the general dress-code of the staff. Through concern civilization the manner people work is changed, and if there is a detrimental civilization this will bring forth workers who are un-satisfied which means failure for the concern.External Influences and Impact on Australian BusinessThe external influences on concern are influences that are either wholly out or are of minimum control of the concern. These impacts are more sever to the concern than internal influences because the concern rear non demasculinise the influence they roll in the hay merely alter the concern itself to compel the influence i.e. Taxes. There are many different influences and they all impact the concern in different ways and they are Economic, Financial Geographic, Social, Legal, Political, Institutional, Technological, priv ate-enterprise(a) state of affairs, and Markets.EconomicThe economic sciences of Australia are a cyclical procedure intending that they go through Boom periods, intending a clip where concern proprietors costumiers are confident, which in bend means more purchasing which provenders and grows the economic system and Flops besides known as a recession this is when there is low costumier assurance so there is less money in concerns intending, less employment which slants the development of the economic system. The economic system has obvious impacts on concern when there is a roar there is money which develops the concern, and when there is a flop there is no money which mean the concern fails to run into revenue enhancements and debts ect. So the company fails and may prevent.Fiscal InfluenceThe deregulating of the Australian fiscal system has lead to flexibleness within the fiscal sector. It means that there is a wider scope of competition, and concerns no longer necessitate to r emain domesticated to their ain communities, this is due to engineering and Globalisation.Geographic InfluenceThis has an tremendous impact on Australian concern, the fact that Australia is located within the Asia-Pacific part every bit good as the economic development of those states i.e. China. This is a challenge for concerns because there is a stronger competition. And besides provides chances for concerns to develop, every bit good as the nose count along with other population studies which allow for concerns to develop and bring forth goods that are suited for that country, the ban is that concerns have to cronk a broad of money to alter, the aging population is an illustration, concerns will hold to accommodate to better suit that population.Social InfluencesThe populace is invariably altering in relation to gustatory sensations, manners and civilization. When a concern can alter to accommodate these gustatory sensations it makes an increased net income but concerns that do nt alter run the hazard of going predated and escape clients.Legal InfluencesThese are ordinances and policies that the authorities put frontward and they have monolithic impacts on the concern. A concern is evaluate to stay by all these Torahs and ordinances, but these affect the sum of money a company makes, which in bend affects how good it runs.Political InfluencesWhen there are large political alterations concern assurance every bit good as uncertainness may lift or fall, governmental issues affect concerns because they can throw revenue enhancements, an illustration would be the debut of the Carbon Tax, which was made in response to unfavorable design over Australian policy this will set strive on bigger companies. But they can besides be good for a concern an illustration would be deregulating which is the remotion of policies.Institutional InfluencesThere are three chief institutional influences and they are authorities, regulative organic structures and other. The authorities introduces ordinances, the organic structures monitor the concern and others affect concerns like authorities.Technological InfluenceWith new engineerings comes a new manner for clients to shop and for concerns to sell, a concern can use assorted engineerings like the cyberspace to air at that place merchandise every bit good as sell their merchandises over the cyberspace which entreaties to newer clients, it besides allows concerns to pass on to their clients quicker. Technology can besides take away from concerns, for case Borders which is a book store, is confronting trouble because clients are now purchasing books off the cyberspace because it is cheaper, this means that Borders will now hold to shut some store and faces a hard hereafter.Competitive Situation InfluencesCompetition between two shops is a general happening they can profit the client through cheaper monetary values and better gross revenues every bit good as the concern through the turning client to th e concern. Each company fights to go the leader which is called sustainable competitory advantage, the changing scope of rivals determines how the concern will bring forth and sell their merchandise.Changes in Markets InfluenceCapital can now travel through states, it is now easier for concerns to purchase abroad shares/businesses, this frees up concerns, in bend the concern grows. Despite this growing there is an instability which was made apparent during the GFC there is now a monolithic move for the submit of skilled workers, i.e. the addition of demand for mineworkers due to the turning excavation sector. There has besides been monolithic growing in consumer markets, in the value of universe trade this was brought on through engineering which made it easier to pass on.DecisionIn decision, an external influence is one that is out of the concerns control whilst an internal influence is associating to a concern. They are both negative and positive, because they help the concern to develop and turn the concern every bit good as let the concern to pass on at an international degree, but they can be negative because they take off from Australian economic system every bit good as Australian concerns losing money to international concerns. As in the past and as what will be in the hereafter, internal influences like merchandise, direction resource direction ECT. And external influences like engineering, political influences, geographic ECT. Will ever impact on concern, because the concern will hold to alter to accommodate the issue, if there are expert promotions the concern must alter to accommodate that. If a merchandise is nt selling they must bring forth a new merchandise that will appeal to clients.

Drug Education and Public Awareness

Throughout history, America has been fighting against medicate and alcoholic drinkic drink ab character in teens and adults. some ways companies and anti- medicine groups try to prevent drug and alcohol abuse is through grooming in naturalize systems and out of inculcate systems. They teach young students round drugs and alcohol before they risk being about them, and they teach honest-to-goodness(a) students about drugs while they are around in their daily lives. Are these grooming programs really necessary? Thats the question m whatsoever mickle ask, and also the question Im going to attempt to answer.The authorities is usually the group that attempts to crop people about the causes and effects of drugs and alcohol through programs such as D.A.R.E (drug abuse resistance instruction) or S.M.A.R.T. (Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-Specified objectives). D.A.R.E. tries to educate kids about drugs and alcohol while S.M.A.R.T. conducts studies to see how te lling these programs really are. at that place have been several studies make that failed to find any value in the DARE program.About 26 million American school children are taught to resist the lure of drugs and alcohol by the DARE program, a studied showed that most of the students who took the 17 week DARE program ended up using drugs and alcohol at the same footstep as children who learned about them in a normal health class. Many people entail that DARE is the magic bullet to solve the drug and alcohol problems in the nation. Another study conducted in Illinois on about 1800 students, showed that DARE students used the same amount of drugs who did not let the program, and another study concluded that DARE students were more likely to use drugs than students without the education.Many tax payers have to see what impact their specie is having on substance abuse. The irreverent program conducts many tests to show how effective or ineffective the use of drug and alcohol ba rroom or education programs really are. last word has come to a conclusion that in that location is a Null Hypothesis, which means that X education programs has no significant effect in bringing substance abusers into long term abstinence.In 1995 SMART studied nearly 1000 people, from these they were able to find 99 who were discharged with the notation of treatment complete. Of these 99 they selected 50 people at random and were able to find only 18 of those 50 people, and of those 18 people, only 11 people said they had remained clean and sober since leaving the treatment and being better about drugs. These studies are proof that the null hypothesis is true and most education programs do not have any effect on the people who are being educated about drugs and alcohol.Although the government is trying to help with the problem, they arent doing a very good job. It is a common observation that there is a hug lag time in the governments response to a fond problem such as drugs and alcohol. A problem will affect a society for quite some time and cause damage before the government will support any funds or a means to stop the problem.After they fund education programs to teach children about drugs and alcohol, they declare funding unnecessarily increasing taxes, which send money instanterhere. The government inevitably to spend more money on realizing what they are doing wrong in educating students who only go off to use drugs anyway.There is a ecumenical theme of a Cultural Revolution of Drug Treatment programs seen in America. The revolution beings with the heroic mannikin where the problem begins and spreads rapidly and the use of drugs and alcohol increases. Next is the classical phase where the social problem reaches its round top and the use of drugs is the highest.During the Classical phase, education programs are being used to try to stop and prevent drug and alcohol use. Then there is an Imperial stage where the problem begins to decline and c omes to an end after people have learned about drugs and alcohol. The final stage is the Decadent phase when the previous users who quit, being to use drugs and alcohol again the process continues. This shows that drug and alcohol education programs dont really do much in the way of preventing drugs, except a short term of no drug use.There are also many education programs in older groups of people such as college students. intoxicant abuse prevention programming on college campuses presents special challenges. Although many people think of college students as young, they de jure are adults. Since 1972, when the legal age of majority was lowered to 18, college students have all of the same rights and privileges as older adults, except they cannot drink legally until they reach the age of 21. Despite all the education that occurred when they were younger, they are now drinking under-age and buying alcohol underage. Many college students are killed due to alcohol poisoning.What did all that education about alcohol do? Absolutely nothing if they ended up drinking themselves to death. College administrators can no long-lived treat college undergraduates as children and have no authority to act the place of parents, since the parents of an 18 year old themselves have no legal authority over the student. The extent of a colleges control over its students is a matter of contract. Colleges can enforce conduct codes only through contract rights. At Indiana University-Bloomington, alcohol is prohibited in all on-campus undergraduate residences supervised by the University, and in all other areas stretch to the public.While that is the rule, enforcement is difficult. Using a strong enforcement hand is very difficult, and not well accepted by students and many parents. These students were educated about the rules of alcohol at their college and also about the causes and effects of alcohol to the personify and brain, but they still do not listen and studies show that they still drink regardless of what prevention program they underwent when they were teens.As you can see, and as the results from all the studies done show drug and alcohol education programs have little and sometimes absolutely no effect on the use of drugs and alcohol among students any age. Teens in high school, or adults in college, they all abuse drugs and alcohol no matter what drug education program they went through. Many people are even killed through the use of drugs and alcohol. The government needs to realize that educating people about drugs only makes them aware that the drugs are out there and available to them.

Micro and Macro Environment of Cadbury Dairy Milk

3/19/2013 Opening Case It was the early thirties when a physician turned textile trade in rural Karnataka found his business get interrupted for fatality of regular supplies of cloth from the weavers. When he enquired with weavers ab come on the reason for their irregularity, he was told that there was no kneading capital available to them. There were no banks in the argona. The one located in the t knowledgeship was not interested in lending to sm each(prenominal) operators particularly in the rural atomic number 18a.Local money lenders utilize to change very high rates of interest borrowing at those rates had ruined equivalent in the past. The weavers therefore pull in developed a habit of working intermittently as and when their own money from sales come in. Introduction selling Module-1 Opening Case The trader therefore had to hold a way to ensure uninterrupted supply of goods in his shop, without which his own business was not viable.He image of bringing the good from Mumbai, but found that the process be very expensive and time consuming, a the ara did not have any direct road /rail links with Mumbai. Besides, transporters were not all reliable. Introduction trade occupies an important fleck in the organization of business unit. Any business is seeming to be successful when a strong merchandising viewpoint or philosophy permeates the thinking and guides the close and actions of everyone in the business.A business exists just to serve lot, and marketing is the function that primarily determines 1 3/19/2013 Introduction What the crossroad or work shall be How it shall be presented, promoted and distributed How it shall be priced. What is market? Classical Definitions ( ingathering point View) The performance of business activities that directs the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user merchandising consists of those efforts which restore transfers in the ownership of goods and services and provide for th eir physical distributionWhat is trade? Modern Definitions ( node Oriented View) merchandising is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through with(predicate) creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of judge with differents According to American Marketing association Marketing is the process of homework and executing the impressionion, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals What is Marketing guidance? Marketing Management is the art and science of choosing target market and getting, keeping and festering clients through creating, rescueing and communicating superior customer value Marketing Management is the marketing cast in action 2 3/19/2013 What is Marketed? Goods Services Events & Experiences Persons Places & Properties Organizations Information Ideas A Brief History of Marketing 3 Areas labor E conomies of scale. Simple products 1945 Birth of the mass consumer market 1950 Sales Development of sales forces to distinguish products in war-ridden markets. Sold what companies wanted to sell.Evolving distribution channels 1960 Increasing diversity of media & technologies Marketing Rapidly increasing argumentthe fight for customers. A Brief History of Marketing 1960s A Brief History of Marketing Massive rise in customer expectations Increasing competition Massive growth in advertising Growth in direct marketing Much easier for customers to switch business Proliferation of channels, dictated increasingly by customers a growing need for 2-way dialogue between business & The 4 Ps merchandise (goods, services, knowledge) terms Promotion Place The dominant marketing template for the last 40 twelvemonths But pick up something curious.Where is the customer mentioned? customers 3 3/19/2013 Development of Marketing Approaches Evolution Of Marketing Transactional kindred Production apprehension Product Concept Selling Concept Marketing Concept Holistic Marketing one-off investment in products market segmentation short-term profit dealingship-building investment in customers customer abstract long-term profit Late 1800 Early 1900 Early 1930 Mid 1950 1990 Production Concept Consumers prefer products that argon widely available and inexpensive Managers of production oriented businesses Concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, let out costs, and mass distribution.The production era can be divided into four phases ? Subsistence phase ? Made to pose phase ? Early production for market phase ? Mass production for market phase Product Concept Consumers favor products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. Managers in product oriented organizations contract their muscularity on making superior products and improving them over time. To improve quality and intention companies gave enormousness to product engineering. Some times the product concept leads to marketing myopia. Marketing myopia means localize on the product rather than customers need 4 3/19/2013Selling Concept The selling concept holds that consumers and businesses, if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of the organizational products. Consumers will buy products nevertheless if the party aggressively promotes/sells these products. The selling concept is practiced most aggressively with unsought goods that buyers normally do not think of buying such as insurance, encyclopedias etc. Firms practice the selling concept when they have over capacity. It gives more importance to seller require Selling Concept Starting point milling machinery instruction Existing products Means Selling and promotion Ends Profits through sales volumeThe selling concept Marketing Concept Focuses on needs/ wants of target markets & delivering value better than competitors. The Marketing concept holds that the headstone to achieving its organizationa l goals consists of the smart set being more effective than competitors in creating delivering and communicating superior customer value to its chosen target markets. The Marketing concept rests on four pillars ? mug Market ? Customer needs ? integrate marketing ? Profit top executive Marketing Concept Starting point Market Focus Customer Needs Means Integrated Marketing Ends Profits through Customer rejoicingThe Marketing concept 5 3/19/2013 Selling V/S Marketing Concept Starting point milling machinery Selling V/S Marketing Concept Ends Profits through sales volume Focus Existing products Means Selling and promotion Focuses on the needs of seller Profit through sales volume Planning is short term oriented Marketer first makes the product and then figures out how to sell it. Importance selling to aggressive Focuses on the needs of buyer Profit through customer blessedness Planning is long term oriented Marketer first determines the needs and wants of the customers and then de livers the product to satisfy those needs and wants.Importance integrated marketing (a) The selling concept Market Customer needs Integrated marketing Profits through customer satisfaction (b) The marketing concept Societal Marketing Concept ? The Societal Marketing concept holds that organizations task is to determine the needs , wants and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors in way that preserve the customers and societys well being. ? It calls upon marketers to build social and ethical considerations into their marketing practices. There should be balance between company profits, customer satisfaction, and public interest. Societal Marketing Concept Society (Human Welfare) Societal Marketing Concept Consumers corporation (Want Satisfaction) (Profits) 6 3/19/2013 Holistic Marketing encumbrance Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Need ? State of felt deprivation ? Example Need intellectual nourishment Wants ? The form of needs as shaped by culture and the individual Demands ? Wants which are backed by buying powerCore concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Marketing offer ? Combination of products, services, information or experiences that satisfy a need or want ? Offer may include services, activities, people, shows, information or ideas Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Value Customers form expectations regarding value ? Marketers must deliver value to consumers Satisfaction ? A genial customer will buy again and tell others about their good experience 7 3/19/2013 Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Exchange ? The act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return ? One exchange is not the goal, relationships with several exchanges are the goal ? bloods are built through delivering value and satisfaction Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Market ? watch of actual and potential buyers of a product ? Marketers seek buyers that are profitable Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts manoeuver Market Marketing place, Marketing length and Meta Market cleavage Mark eters mind-sets Relationship Marketing and Networks Distinctive category of market which includes market for companys products and services Core Concepts Target Market Market Place, Market Space and Meta Market Segmentation Marketers Prospects Relationship Marketing and Networks Market place ? Market place is physical. As one goes shopping in a store Market Space ? Market space is digital. As one goes shopping on internet Meta Market ? Meta market is a cluster of complementary product and services that are closely related in the minds of consumers but are spread across a a diverse set of industries. 8 3/19/2013Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Market place, Market space and Meta market Segmentation Marketers Prospects Relationship Marketing and Networks Segmentation ? Grouping of consumers according to such characteristics as income, age, degree of urbanization, race, or education Core Concepts Target Mar ket Market Place, market Marketer ?Marketer is seeking response. someone Space and Meta Market Prospect ?Prospect is someone giving response. Segmentation Marketers and Prospects Relationship marketing nd Network Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Target Market Market Place, market Space and Meta Market Segmentation Marketers and Prospects Relationship Marketing and Network Relationship Marketing ? Building mutually satisfying long-term relations with key partiescustomers, supplies, distributors in order to earn and retain their business Core Concepts Marketing Network ? Marketing network consists of the company and its supporting stakeholders with whom it has built mutually profitable business relationshipMarketing Channels tot train Marketing fuse Competition Sets of Inter dependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption 9 3/19/2013 Core Concepts of Marketing Core C oncepts of Marketing Core Concepts Supply range of mountains ?Longer channel stretch from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers Core Concepts Marketing Mix ? MM is the set of marketing tools, the square uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. Product Pric e Place (Distribution) PromotionMarketing Channel Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition Marketing Channels Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition Core Concepts of Marketing Marketing Environment Core Concepts Marketing Channels Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition Competition ?Rivalry to attract customers discretionary income It includes ?Generic Competition ? instigant Competition ? Form Competition ? Industry Competition The actors and forces that extend to a firms ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers. It consists of ? Internal Marketing Environment ? External Marketing Environment 10 /19/2013 Internal Marketin g Environment ? ? ? ? ? ? These are controllable factors Value System Vision, mission, and Objectives Organizational grammatical construction Marketing Staff telephoner Reputation fiscal Factors External Marketing Environment ? Microenvironment Actors close to the company Micro Level Influences that reach a particular firm ? Macro environment Larger social forces Macro Level Influences that affect all firms The Microenvironment Forces in the Microenvironment companys immediate environment and that affect the companys ability to produce goods and services and serve consumers. 1 3/19/2013 Suppliers Suppliers are those who supply the raw material and components to the company. Reliable sources of supply are necessary for smooth functioning of business. It is very risk to depend on a single supplier because a strike, lockout or any other production problem with supplies may seriously affect the company. ? Treat suppliers as partners. Customers A business exits only because of its customers. A company may have different categories of customer like individuals, households. Industries and other institutions.Depending on a single customer is risky because it may place company in poor bargaining position. Suppliers answer to create and deliver customer value. Customers Customer markets must be studied. Market types ? Consumer ? Business ? Government ? Reseller ? planetary Competitors In general competitors are those who sell the goods and services of the same and similar products in the same market. A firms competitors include not only the other firms which are marketing same products but also those who repugn for the discretionary income of the consumer. Successful companies provide better customer value than the competition ? Size and industry position help to determine the competitive strategy. 12 3/19/2013 Marketing Intermediaries Every producer has to name a number of intermediaries in assisting him in promoting, selling and distributing the goods and services to ultimate customers. Marketing intermediaries help the firm in overcoming the discrepancies in quality , place, assortment. ?Intermediaries take many forms. Resellers Physical distribution firms Marketing services agencies Financial intermediaries Publics A public is any group that has actual or potential interest in or impact on companys ability to achieve its objectives. It is the duty of the company to satisfy the people at large, which is necessary for future stay and growth. In order to build goodwill and seek easy response from the public, it is necessary for the firm to satisfy the needs of the public as well. Macro Environment These factors are external to the firm and are quite uncontrollable Demographic Environment Study of the population in terms of age, sex, size of the population, family size, and occupation is known as demography. Rapidly increasing population indicates a growing demand for many products. Increasing population also ind icates that availability of surplus labour which affects the wage rates. 13 3/19/2013 Demographic Environment Population growth Population age mix cultural markets Educational groups Household patterns Geographical shifts Economic Forces Affects consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. Income Distribution Savings, Debt, and Credit factors relating to the stinting conditions, systems, economic policies of a country and includes structure f economy, agriculture, industrial sectors, transportation etc Natural Environment line of work for the natural environment has grown steadily, increasing the importance of these trends ? Shortage of raw materials ? change magnitude pollution ? increase governmental Technological Environment ?The technological environment is characterized by rapid change. ?New technologies create bran-new opportunities and markets but make old technologies obsolete. ?The U. S. leads the world in research and development spending. ? Pace of chan ge ? Opportunities for innovation ? Varying R&D budgets ? Increased regulation of change ntervention ? Shortage of raw materials ? Increased energy costs ? Anti-pollution pressures ? Governmental protections 14 3/19/2013 The Political Environment Includes laws, governmental agencies, and pressure groups that impact organizations and individuals. Increased legislation to protect businesses as well as consumers. Changes in governmental agency enforcement. Increased emphasis on ethical behavior and social responsibility. The Cultural Environment Is composed of institutions and other forces that affect a societys basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. The cultural factors like buying and consumption habit of the people, impost and traditions, tastes and preferences, languages etc. are the factors that affect the Marketing strategy. SWOT Analysis Marketing Challenges in the globalised Economy grey-headed marketing Terrorism Skills and Competence gaps in knowledg e about Customer Preferences Cultural differences 15 3/19/2013 Marketing Challenges in the globalised Economy Nationalism Stability of Governments and Economic legislations. Corruption Property rights and plagiarization Price Sensitivity Closing re-create Travel solution Ltd is a cutting edge IT Company in India. Its domain expertise is in finding software solutions for the Travel Industry. Its Client list include Thomas Cook, American airlines, Swissair besides several others. However the big 3 clients accounted for over 60% of the conglomeration business. The sales turnover of the company in the last financial year was Rs. 18 crore, of which over 90% was export earnings. Closing Copy The team strength of Travel solution Ltd had been augmented last year and the total number of employees touched to 120. Of this, over 20 were senior executives, with stock options.The hard marrow squash design and systems work was executed by a team of 48 very highly paid executives, who form ed the core team. This team was normally on deputation at client sites all year around. Closing Copy In the last 3 months, over 40 executives had been taken in, primarily in marketing, administration and HR. The modal(a) age of the company employee was 27 while the average salary was Rs. 4. 5 lakhs PA On folk 21st, 2001, a board meeting of Travel solution Ltd was held in Bangalore at the headquarters to discuss and plan the strategy of the company for the next half year. 16 3/19/2013 17

The Clinton administration

In a more modern sense, the conflicts in Bosnia, Somalia, and Rwanda were loose efforts to assist the U. N. in maintaining kinditarian humorls throughout the globe. The Clinton administration could non gain support for these efforts from Congress, which showed that we had a broad leader at the helm of a realist Congress. Today, the need for inter solid groundal cooperation is great than ever. Global b decrees, once so vital, have eroded to the point that they ar no longer visible to all told exactly the near(prenominal) redoubtable warmongers.In an era where one whoremaster contact Bora Bora in an instant, the neces baity of communication and understanding is greater than ever. It is true that human beings nature depart not change what we can change is the manner in which we deal with it. Many people argue that the United Nations is an impotent organisation whose time has passed. Others debate that the U. N. is the scarcely forum in which the smaller nations of the world have a voice. Unfortunately, both views atomic number 18 correct. For instance, in the gaucherie of Bosnia, Serbian soldiers seized 350 UN peacekeepers as hostages.The United States was forced to intervene in August of 1995. By November of 1995 the nations of Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia arranged to sit down and discuss the matter, and by the 21st of that month an agreement was signed (Mingst 121). In this instance, then, the UN was powerless and had to facial expression once more to the U. S. to provide transnational leadership. Realists quote this episode as the strongest example of their whimsey in the importance of military leadership. For the American public, too, military leadership is palatable, but hardly if the conflict is brief.Other organizations, such(prenominal) as the ICC, or external Criminal Court, are of more recent origin. While it is not a recent idea to punish nations in retaliation for war crimes, using an foreign forum in which to do so is an idea founded subsequently the conflicts in Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The ICC covers a very specific group of crimes and seeks to penalize the individuals responsible. The dictates that the ICC covers are genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. The ICC should help to avoid baredition issues in that the ICC has absolute jurisdiction over these aspects of international law.It will alike serve as a sounding board for enforcing individual and national accountability (Mingst 190). In order to comprehend the effectiveness of international organizations, one must first analyze how plentifuls and realists view them. Realists are basically state-centered that is, they study that states just now act to preserve their own self-interests. While they ac companionship that international law has a place in preserving order and the status quo, they also feel that states notwithstanding comply with international laws because it serves their self-interests to do so (M ingst 191).Order brings benefits therefore states should comply with imposed order to reap these benefits. For example, it behooves states to follow the dictums of maritime law and not invade foreign waters. Conflicts can be costly on an economic, psychological, and military direct therefore, most states stay on by international laws to avoid reaping these costs. As for international organizations such as the UN, realists are skeptical. They feel that most of these organizations have more weaknesses than strengths. They aver that the UN has proven unproductive and ineffective.An example of this might be the failure of the UN to put on the 2003 re ancestors against Iraq. In this manner, they claim, international law will only stand to reinforce the powerful states, because the dominant states are the only ones with the means to bring such causes to fruition. The realist belief organisation is essentially anarchicthey believe that states only cooperate with one another because it is in their self-interests to do so. If they choose to disregard the strictures of international law, they will also do so, particularly if the law in straits directly come upons their economic or military wellbeing.Realists believe that international organizations and NGOs are completely useless in that they have no means of enforcing their dictums. They cite as examples the failure of the UN during the civil war in Yugoslavia. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the nation of Yugoslavia had no effective arbitrator, i. e. the U. S. S. R. , to mediate disputes. Yugoslavia had major fault lines within the coun assay religious, political, cultural, and historical (Mingst 204). The conflicts that resulted after Russia could no longer control the nation were so ferocious that the world was appalled.Serbian leaders tried to maintain uniformity in the face of strong opposition from separatist movements from the Slovenian, Croatian, and Bosnia-Herzegovinian nations. Several coun tries jumped into the fray, supporting one cause or another, but this only served to make the view worse and emphasized the ideals of Yugoslavia as a divided nation. some(prenominal) the EU and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) tried to start negotiations, but none could come to a successful conclusion. Fighting broke out among the warring factions in the meantime.At this point, the UN got involved to try to deliver humanitarian aid and establish a peacekeeping force. In the end, no international arbiter was able to settle the conflict, and Yugoslavia ultimately ended in the division of the orbit into four separate nations Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Slovenia. In this manner, then, realists assert that this was the ultimate failure of international organizations versus the self-interests of states. The liberal view on international organizations is that human beings will ultimately follow the ideals of right.Therefore, they follow internatio nal law because it is morally just to do so. In the liberal mind, all states will benefit from doing what is right and moral, and international organizations represent the ultimate culmination of this goal of international cooperation. States have general expectations about other states behavior (Mingst 190). In a formation of mutual cooperation and respect, liberals argue, the system of international law will succeed. They do agree with the realists on one point the system only prepares if powerful states become involved.A request for aid or a diplomatic protest from a small or weak nation will most likely be ignored unless the open nation has a powerful ally. On the plus human face of this argument, this type of international hegemony is precisely wherefore treaty organizations and international courts function so wellthey keep the large powers in check age protecting the interests of the smaller states. Thus it befits all nations to cooperate on an international level. The United States is not the only party to blame, however. The only nations who seem to take the U. N.completely seriously are the ones who have the least power to affect change. The United Nations needs to act more quickly and univocally and not leave the burden of responsibility on the U. S. While our role as the defenders of freedom is one which we have embraced tellily in the past, it is not feasible for the future. The U. N. and the WTO need to impose harsher penalties for those nations that fail to meet international laws, and the ICC needs more power to punish wrongdoers. In short, we need to stop being an anarchic collection of deviant nations and come together to fight for humanity.This solution sounds simplistic, and is one which we may never realize within our lifetime. It is not an impossible solution, however. The EU was a subway system dream for years. Many of the European nations had resentments and issues that dated back for hundreds of years. What we and the interna tional organizations can do is this we can escort a sustainable global economy and we can find viable solutions to issues that concern all of us. We can review the U. N. Charter and eliminate all outdated and useless language.If this does not work, perhaps forming a immature organization might be the key. We could take responsibility for nuclear weapons and finally make a definitive decision concerning their use and misuse. The easiest way to maintain global stability from terrorism would be to create a permanent U. N. army, with all nations represented. The U. N. would then have the military might to go beyond its peacekeeping duties but would be able to stop conflicts before they escalated. Ratification and acknowledgement of the ICC would also be a unconditional change (simpol. org).If all nations knew that tyrants and terrorists would be punished accordingly and brought to justice it might eliminate the temptation to screen these criminals. John Bunzi of the International Si multaneous insurance policy Organization believes that these solutions are possible. As he writes, The Simultaneous Policy is a peaceful political strategy to democratically drive all the worlds nations to ease up global solutions to global problems, including combating global warming and environmental destruction, regulating economic globalization for the good of all, and delivering kind justice, peace and security, and sustainable prosperity (simpol.org). The relevance to me as the reviewer is that the article allows me to infer my own ideas of human public presentation and how it can relate to my own business practices. The vacuum system is used too a good deal in organizations and the needs and dilemmas of certain business training, and practices comes into full view as felonious when I read the article. In the article, it mentions that there are positive and negative consequences in the feedback level. If a worker is performing at the top of his or her ability then the com panys response is more work, which they conclude is a positive feedback.Instead of continual delivery of on-time projects, because the worker is being laden with work they stop performing so well because they see that their co-workers are getting paid the same amount as them, but without the extra work. So, the dilemma is that the organization might view certain types of feedback as positive while the worker sees it as negative and thus the feedback affects the performance of their work. I have seen this played out many times in my own business relationships.It shows me that a clear line of communication in the human performance system is integral to the performance of the entire organization. Without clear communication the faults in an organization remain unaddressed in certain training programs and as the authors state, the company does not always know what is broken, to what extent, what area is at fault (human performance? ), how the performance is lacking in outfit, and what activity is causing the deficiency. individually of these areas, in my experience, is typically ignored in the business world.No one wants to be assigned blame so general maneuvers such as training programs are instilled as answers to what is wrong, when in fact what is wrong might not scour be known. To further examine the tenacity of the aforementioned groups that provided succor to Bosnia certain questions should be research. The first question that needs to be asked is the cons of having an organization come into a rural area without having full knowledge of the situation in the case of Bosnia however it was with the media that the world became aware of the genocide and thus, under the strict rules of advocating for human rights, the United States had to yard in.In some instances, the predicted behavior or reaction an institute exhibits in a chaotic environment isnt calculable this is witnessed repeatedly in the Bosnia conflict as no one organization stepped into the situati on of Bosnia until after genocide and after destruction the political world knew what was about to occur in this realm of the disintegrating Yugoslavian countryside, no political party or nation took responsibility and helped Bosnia. The human capacity for enduring extreme environments is astounding.In the case of Bosnia however, a far less serious outcome may be become of the situation had prescience been used. Even if every level of organization is cooperative to the output deliverance of the institute, the reliance of that output depends on the human element, and that element must not be regarded as capable of extreme senior mellow school performance of extreme low performance. Thus, when Bosnia effectively asked for help from Europe and the United States they did not expect any to say no.Questions that should also be raised alongside the general ones presented in this paper in regards to the way in which national organizations have decided to deal with the Bosnia conflict are the benefits the people secure after being released from refugee camps or concentration camps where will the people go? Who will help them? Each of these questions is relevant when contemplateing human endurance in any capacity. The lack of, or the fight of, these questions can deter a person from achieving their home or even of a company of maintaining in the person the belief that aid came when there was some to offer.In human performance, though the macrocosm is important, there should also be a high degree of microcosm involved in the international environment if the question is about raising credit in all levels of political policies, and maintaining that performance. Research at this level should yield supporting data to human endurance and further state the fallacy in the vacuum system where communications are bemused such as when does Bosnia need help, should they be helped, etc.?Institutions such as NATO and the UN do not work to their highest quality in a vacuum. A v acuum isolates the institute from the people who need their help. In a vacuum setting the assumption of progress being made is linked to training input without any direction to what is fundamentally wrong with performance. If the organization doesnt know what is wrong and tries to fix it, then nil seriously is being accomplished. Also, if the international organization does have a downfall, then to what extent is that downfall obstructive performance?An alternative to this vacuum procedure of dealing with pitfalls in the international environment is to view country in need of aid as a priority. There are five points in the performance system when it comes to international politics and state agendas, they are the institute, input, output, consequence, and feedback. At each level there is an mutually beneficial relationship that allows for a well performing organization. Since the relationships are dependent on each other for high performance the organization must be adaptive.In th is adaptive system there are three levels organization level, process level, and the individual level. To improve an organization and to steer clear from the vacuum effect, an organization must consider that within the society these levels, and improving performance, depend on whether or not on each levels problems are being addressed and this begins with the question, it what ways have the international organizations failed? The main strength of the international organization lies in its ability to dissect and expound the idea of fast performance when a country is in need of such swiftness.The organizations, especially the UN exude well thought out plans and deliver the idea of human rights being their number one priority as can be witnessed in their involvement with Bosnia during the crisis years. There are six variables by which the UN, NATO, etc must measure themselves, they are performance specifications, task interference, consequences, feedback, knowledge/skill, and individua l capacity. In this system these points make for a higher quality performance.Another strength of the UN is that it doesnt punt the fault of lack of succor on any one country entirely but preferably they focus on the positive and try and enlist help from other countries instead of bribing other countries, but allows for fault in all parts of the hierarchy in social concern. Both performers and how the UN addresses weakness in the input/output system should be under scrutiny, because the weakness must be dealt with in all parts of the hierarchy in order for the UN to be successful. ConclusionIt may be surmised that Bosnia, though perhaps needed could have been handled in a better international capacity, as such the genocide that was endured could have been side stepped. In fact, the new initial facts that the UN should support itself in political and international quarry as utter above should, chiefly among the idea of working towards stronger and better human rights, include the cooperation of other countries in its venture. The object of such an organization is to ensure that something like the genocide in Bosnia is not repeated.Work Cited Cox, Marcus. The Right to Return seat International Intervention and the Ethnic Cleansing In Bosnia and Herzegovina. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 599-631. July 1998. Gutman, Roy. A Witness to Genocide. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York. 1993. Lieber, Robert J. The Eagle Adrift American Foreign Policy at the exterminate of the Century. Glenview, Ill. Scott, Foresman, 1998. Mingst, Karen A. Essential Readings in World Politics. New York, NY. WW Norton & Company, 2004.Mingst, Karen A. Essentials of International Relations. New York, NY. WW Norton & Company, 2004. Reiff, David. Slaughterhouse Bosnia and the Failure of the West. Simon & Schuster. New York. 1995. Slack, Andrew and Roy R. Doyon. universe of discourse Dynamics and Susceptibility for Ethnic Conflict The Case of B osnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 139-161. March 2001. Walt, Stephen M. International Relations One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy, Iss. 110. Pg. 29-45. Spring, 1998. www. simpol. org